1. Colonies Come of Age 1700-1750s

2. Rise of Slavery First Africans arrived in Jamestown in 1619 treated like indentured servants. Slavery not significant until the late 1600s 1690: 13,000 slaves 1750: more than 200,000

3. The Atlantic “Triangular” Trade S Slaves – sugar – rum - guns

4. Causes of Rise of Slavery Increased demand for slaves Increased demand for slaves 1.Less English indentured servants 2.West Africans were experienced in Rice cultivation and more resistant to malaria. 3.Cheap labor—tobacco prices fall, need large numbers of unskilled workers for rice & indigo Effect on population: Effect on population: – By 1750 slaves were 50% of Virginia, 66% of South Carolina populations. S

5. The “ Middle Passage ” Harsh conditions: 13% died along journey from West Africa to Americas

7. Slave Codes & Stono Rebellion Slave Codes: harsh laws passed in South Stono Rebellion: 1739 in South Carolina – 20 slaves revolted from one plantation (80 others joined) 50 slaves and 25 whites killed- largest slave revolt during the Colonial Period.

8. Mercantilism Empires compete through favorable balance of trade = export manufactured goods, import wealth (gold/silver) Mercantilism: Empires compete through favorable balance of trade = export manufactured goods, import wealth (gold/silver) Colonies exist to benefit the mother country Colonies exist to benefit the mother country “Navigation Acts” (1650-1673) 1.Trade only on English or colonial-built ships 2.All goods imported to colonies must first travel to English ports 3.Specified goods (tobacco) from colonies could only be exported to England (eventually includes most goods) Effects: ? Colonists resented acts over time -led to smuggling of Dutch & Spanish goods, & corruption -MA Bay had charter revoked in 1684 due to rampant smuggling

9. The Enlightenment Early 1700s philosophy movement from Europe Reason over faith, science over religion Benjamin Franklin inventions & almanac Questioned traditional monarchy John Locke “Natural Rights”

10. The First Great Awakening Religious revival in response to effects of Enlightenment in 1740s Religious revival in response to effects of Enlightenment in 1740s Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield leading ministers Jonathan Edwards & George Whitefield leading ministers “ Sinners in the Hands of An Angry God ”“ Sinners in the Hands of An Angry God ” God is angry but can forgive – anyone can repent & be saved God is angry but can forgive – anyone can repent & be saved Blamed science, greed, & traditional church for drop in faith Blamed science, greed, & traditional church for drop in faith

11. 1. Challenged authority of established churches (old lights), don’t need old church to be “born again” 2. Since everyone gets salvation, more equality is needed in US Results of First Great Awakening: 3. New “evangelical” (new lights) Protestant sects gain popularity (Baptists, Methodists)

12. North America in 1750 What caused the French & Indian War? Result?