2. Immigration 1815-1860 5 Million new immigrants arrive in US Irish- (2 million)- Push factor (potato famine) & came with little or no wealth= settled in eastern cities. Germans (1.5 million)- came with more money; settled in Mid-West Characteristics: most spoke English, most used to democratic style of governing, many Catholics Nativism- hostility towards new immigrants; mostly anti-Catholic.

3. Reaction to New Immigrants 1849- The Order of the Star Spangled Banner Pushed for laws banning immigration and to keep Catholics from holding office. 1854- The American Party (“Know Nothings”) had a large following in the 1850’s.

8. School Reform Need educated society in order for democracy to survive Horace Mann – public school movement in Massachusetts Mandatory school attendance Teacher training schools Calvin Wiley – public school movement in NC

10. -1848

14. Reaction in the South to Abolition Movement Its our “peculiar institution” The “GAG RULE (1836)Southern members of Congress pushed through a “gag rule” which denied the right of citizens to petition Congress to end slavery. The South banned abolitionist magazines & papers & forbid & arrest mail carriers who delivered