1. SALEM WITCH TRIALS SLAVERY SOCIAL MOBILITY GREAT AWAKENING New Social ‘Conventions’

2. Salem Witch Trials 1641 – Salem, Massachusetts declare witchcraft a capital crime

3. Teenage girls accused an African servant of practicing witchcraft; she was later hung for being a witch All crazy behavior was said to be the mark of a witch – either you were one or you had been cursed by one

4. This led to the Salem Witch Trials  If you denied it, you were executed  If you admitted it, you were imprisoned

5. Over a period of 5 years……. 19 witches were hanged 1 wizard (male witch) was pressed to death Around 17 died in prison

6. The original girls that accused their servant of witchcraft eventually admitted that they made the whole story up.

7. Slavery In the beginning, people that were considered slaves were either captured in war or convicted criminals.  With hard work, they could buy their freedom or improve their social status.  This was all within AFRICA!

8. 1420s - Akan people (W. Af.) slave to Portugal for gold. Then to Europe – sugarcane (limited land) With the increased demand, Africans would be taken from their homes and sold into slavery in order for Africa to make money

9. Increased Availability of Land When England began founding colonies in the America, they now had more land to harvest and saw the need for slaves in the colonies.

10. When the slaves would be purchased, they would be tied together by ropes or chains, sold, branded, and put on ships.  Between 1450 and 1870, 10-12 million Africans were transported to the Americas.

11. Triangular Trade

12. The first Africans arrived in Virginia in 1619. They were not seen as different because of their race at the time. The colonists focused on the fact that they were not Christian.  This would change as more and more slaves came into the area.

13. Slave codes were a set of laws that formally regulated slavery and defined the relationship between enslaved Africans and free people  1. couldn’t testify against a white person in court  2. couldn’t own property  3. couldn’t assemble in large number

14. Thinking Changes Enlightenment – rational thinking in science, math, politics, society (Franklin)  Increased gov’t separation from church…pulled church population away from faith  When coupled with urbanization and diverse economic conditions = social mobility! What happened in Massachusetts in 1691? Great Awakening, Jonathan Edwards respond to ‘enlightened ideas’  “however you may have reformed your life in many think,” as a sinner you were destined for hell unless you had a “great change of heart.”

15. Great Awakening Need for an emotional experience that brings one closer to God Denied the Half-Way Covanent Christian churches increase Independent denominations (Baptists, Methodists) Higher Education (Princeton, Brown, Columbia, Dartmouth)

16. Consequences of new thinking?