1. Reflecting on the Genetics Unit, draw one of the following: 1. A Venn Diagram of Mitosis and Meiosis 2.A flow-chart describing the steps of recombinant DNA technology Warm-up

2. Chimera: An organism or tissue created by 2 different genetic sources

3. Selective Breeding Is there a risk to this? Inbreeding

4. Decreasing Variation: Inbreeding What is the benefit of inbreeding? What is a possible risk of inbreeding? Desirable Traits Harmful recessive alleles for genetic defects are expressed

5. Hybridization ♂ Donkey 2n = 62, n = 31 ♀ Horse 2n = 64, n = 32 F 1 Mule 2n = 63, n = ? 4n=442n=22 n=11 3n=33 Can this be divided to make gametes?

6. Increasing Variation: Mutagens Breeders can increase genetic variation by inducing mutations. What are some ways one can induce a mutation? Radiation Chemicals

7. Tools of Molecular Biology 1.DNA Extraction 2.Cutting DNA –Restriction Enzymes 3.Separating DNA –Gel Electrophoresis

8. Restriction Enzymes DNA Sequence Recognition Sequences EcoRI cuts the DNA into fragments These are sticky ends

9. Polymerase Chain Reaction How many copies of DNA will there be after six cycles? After about 30 cycles? 32 copies Over 1 billion!

10. Transforming Plant Cells Using your knowledge of plants, what might be a challenge to a scientist trying to get foreign DNA into a plant cell? The plant cell wall!

11. Transforming Animal Cells What animal cells are often used in the transformation process? Egg Cells

12. Transgenic Organisms An enzyme from fireflies causes this tobacco plant to glow

13. Transgenic Animals Mice are used to study human disease Livestock have growth hormones Chicken will be genetically modified to resist bacterial infection

14. Transgenic Plants Insect and weed resistance can be transgenically induced in plants Vitamin A can be added to rice for nourishing third world countries