1. Biology and Behavior

2. Our Behavior is largely influence by our Biology

3. The Brain is like the center control

4. BRAIN The brain is a mass of billions of neurons Three main parts of the brain 1.Brain stem - is the lowest section of the brain which connects it to the spinal cord. 2.Cerebellum - is at the back of the brain stem and is linked to it by nerve tracts. 3.Cerebrum - it is the largest part of the brain.

5. Cerebrum - The largest division of the brain. It is divided into two hemispheres, each of which is divided into four lobes. Cerebru m Cerebellum http://williamcalvin.com/BrainForAllSeasons/img/bonoboLH-humanLH-viaTWD.gif

6. The Cerebrum The cerebrum is divided into sections or lobes. The four lobes are: 1. frontal 2. temporal 3. parietal 4. occipital

7. Frontal Lobe The Frontal Lobe Controls: 1.Motor Functions 2.Higher Order Functions 3.Planning 4.Reasoning 5.Judgment 6.Impulse Control 7.Memory 3 Divisions 1.Prefrontal Cortex -Controls the expression of personality, planning and cognitive processes -Lobotomies 2.Motor 3.Premotor Areas Motor and Premotor areas deal with voluntary muscle movement

8. Temporal Functions of the Temporal Lobe: 1. Hearing 2. Memory 3. Speech 4. Emotional Responses 5. Visual Perception

9. Lobes of the Brain - Parietal Lobe The Parietal Lobe of the brain is located deep to the Parietal Bone of the skull. It plays a major role in the following functions/actions: - Senses and integrates sensation(s) - Spatial awareness and perception (Proprioception - Awareness of body/ body parts in space and in relation to each other) Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpghttp://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1-8.tif.jpg

10. Lobes of the Brain – Occipital Lobe The Occipital Lobe of the Brain is located deep to the Occipital Bone of the Skull. Its primary function is the processing, integration, interpretation, etc. of VISION and visual stimuli. Modified from: http://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1- 8.tif.jpghttp://www.bioon.com/book/biology/whole/image/1/1- 8.tif.jpg

11. The Nervous System

12. Nervous System Responsible for regulating 5 things 1.Internal functions 2.Reactions 3.External Events 4.Learning 5.Memory

13. 2 Major Components of the Nervous Sytem 1.The Central Nervous System 2.The Peripheral Nervous System

14. Central Nervous System (CNS) -Transmits messages from Brain to Muscles and glands throughout body -Made up of 2 parts 1.Brain 2.Spinal Chord

15. The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Sends messages between the CNS and all other parts of the body Divided into 2 parts 1. Somatic Communicates with the skin and skeletal muscles. 2. Autonomic Communicates with smooth muscles, heart muscle and glands.

16. Somatic Nervous System Soma = body Controls Muscles Tendons Joints Voluntary functions Made up of a multitude of Afferent and Efferent neuron pairings

17. Afferent vs. Efferent Neurons Afferent neurons Incoming – sensory neurons Examples: Skin Efferent Neurons Outgoing neurons – motor neurons

18. Afferent and Efferent Explained a little differently Afferent neurons are like the little brother who gets picked on and then goes and calls on his bigger brother (Efferent neurons) to come and take care of business. Afferent – the messenger Efferent – the muscle https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=EjBPUdLOVHU

19. Autonomic Nervous System The Involuntary control center Example: Shine a light in someone’s eye, the eye dilates Divided into 2 systems: 1.Sympathetic 2.Parasympathetic

20. Sympathetic Branch 1.Expands energy when body needs it - Ex: getting a 2 nd wind 2.Responds in sympathy of hard times (instinctual emotional response) 3.Speed up body processes when necessary -Ex: adrenaline rush

21. Adrenaline! https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=IE6an0WtjmI

22. Fight or Flight https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6gLoivg6EJs https://www.youtube.com/watch?v= VQUv37Tl1qc

23. Parasympathetic Branch -“Para” means “alongside” -Mends and restores the energy that you’ve lost -Often happens when you’re unconscious -Ex: Sleeping -Ex: Passing Out after adrenaline rush -Ex: Getting light-headed after workout = your nervous system telling your body to slow down

24. Chemicals and hormones and their transmission throughout our body influence behavior, cognitions and emotions

26. Neuron