1. S556 SYSTEMS ANALYSIS & DESIGN Week 11

2. Creating a Vision (Solution) SLIS S556 2  Visioning:  Encourages you to think more systemically about your redesign  Is both a “grounded brainstorm” and storytelling session  A method to lead groups in future scenario building

3. Creating a Common Direction SLIS S556 3  How do you choose among multiple visions?  Instead of choosing, synthesize a new solution  Create a better solution by  Identifying elements that work  Recombining them to preserve the best parts  Extending them to address more of the work and overcome any defects

4. Evaluation and Integration SLIS S556 4  Identify the core parts of each vision that you don’t want to lose  Think how to combine them  If two visions support the work well, choose the simpler or the easier to implement  Choose the ones that are supported by data or test both

5. Process & Organization Design SLIS S556 5  The business structure may have to change to adopt a new way of working, e.g., ???  Consider using a catch phrase  E.g., Toyota’s vision

6. Storyboards SLIS S556 6  A vision describes what the new work practice will be  The vision in storyboards will show how the system works  Each frame in the storyboard captures a single scene, i.e., an interaction between two people, a person and the system, a person and an artifact, or a system step

7. Storyboard Example SLIS S556 7

8. Storyboard Example SLIS S556 8

9. Redesigning Work SLIS S556 9  Understand the structure of work as it exists & issues implicit in the work  Become knowledgeable about possibilities for redesign  Vision a new world  Work out specifics in storyboards

10. Next Step SLIS S556 10  The vision & storyboards  A system design

11. USABILITY

12. The Difficulty of Communicating a Design SLIS S556 12  Presenting a demo  Hard to envision new work practice in the presence of the new system  Requirements specifications  Text-oriented  Work models  Hard for customers to understand the work models ???

13. The Difficulty of Communicating a Design SLIS S556 13  Customers need not just an artifact but an event, a process that will allow them to live out their own work in the new system and articulate the issues they identify (c.f., participatory design)

14. Including Customers in the Design Process SLIS S556 14  We want to co-design the system with the users  3 obstacles:  No one articulates their own work practices  Customers have not spent time studying all the users of the proposed system  Customers aren’t technologists

15. Including Customers in the Design Process SLIS S556 15  The challenge for design is to include users in the process to iterate, refine, and extend the initial design concept  The starting point is an initial design concept  an initial prototype

16. Interacting with Paper (Buxton, 2007) SLIS S556 16 http://www.snyderconsulting.net/article_paperprototyping.htm http://www.nngroup.com/reports/prototyping/video_stills.html

17. Interactive Paper Interfaces (Buxton, 2007) SLIS S556 17 http://www.gdoss.com/images/lmf_paper_prototype.gif

18. Interacting with Paper (Buxton, 2007) SLIS S556 18  The role of design is to find the best design

19. Interacting with Paper (Buxton, 2007)  The role of usability engineering is to help make that design the best SLIS S556 19

20. Interacting with Paper (Buxton, 2007)  What other important points in this chapter by Buxton? SLIS S556 20

21. Using Paper Prototypes to Drive Design SLIS S556 21  Prototypes:  are not a demo  are prop in a contextual interview  enable the user to play out the experience of living with the new system  act as a language for communicating between user and designer

22. Using Paper Prototypes to Drive Design SLIS S556 22  To look at structure, the first prototypes are paper  Paper prototypes are easy to change  Working through a prototype of a new system and discussing the interaction of the system with the work reveals issues that would otherwise remain invisible

23. Prototyping as a Communication Tool SLIS S556 23  The prototyping process not only brings the users into the design process, but it changes the design process itself  Paper prototyping reduces the cost of getting data so low that the team can demand on having it

24. Discussion SLIS S556 24  What Is Usability Testing?  To get feedback from users about the usability of a product.  What kind of usability testing experience do you have?

25. Real Users SLIS S556 25  Testers must be people who currently use or will use the product in the future  “If the participants in the usability test do not represent the real users, you are not seeing what will happen when the product gets to the real users”

26. Doing Real Tasks SLIS S556 26  “The tasks that you have users do in the test must be ones that they will do with the product on their jobs or in their homes”  “The tasks that you include in a test should relate to your goals and concerns and have a high probability of uncovering a usability problem”

27. Observing & Recording SLIS S556 27  Test one person at a time  You record both performance and comments  Measure: learning time, time to perform, errors, ease of remembering and amount remembered, subjective measures  Ask the participant for opinions about the product  Usability testing is NOT focus groups, surveys, or beta testing

28. Guideline for Usability Testing SLIS S556 28  Develop a prototype of a system  List several tasks that users should be able to accomplish with the system  Make a list of potential usability testers  Plan for data collection  Schedule the test  Listen and observe  think-aloud, video-taping Usability professionals’ association: http://www.upassoc.org/http://www.upassoc.org/

29. Feedback Session (HWW Ch 13) SLIS S556 29  Do not have too much attachment to your ideas  Open to your users/clients’ ideas  The goal is co-design  Provide ownership to the users  Develop the ideas that would work

30. Group Activity SLIS S556 30  With fellow team project members, come up with the strategies for usability testing/client feedback session