1. 1 16/02/2014 Method and driving cycles for the estimation of the pollutant emissions of the urban buses and bus network M. André (INRETS), B. Dolidzé-Garrot (RATP) With the help of IAURIF (Inst. of Urbanism in Ile de France), the technical support of RATP (Prototypes and tests group), INRETS-LTE team and the financial support of ADEME EC-DG Energy Transport (Artemis) COST346 Policies to improve the contribution of Urban Buses and other captive fleets to Urban Air Quality Brussels, January 2005

2. 2 16/02/2014 Assessment of buses and bus network : method and D.C. Urban & exploitation context Selection of representative lines Instrumentation and recording of buses operating conditions Description / characterization of the urban context in which the buses are driven Design of test cycles Emissions measurements / Emissions factors Actual operating and driving conditions of the buses Localisation of the pollutant emissions Evaluation of an urban bus network, impact studies, optimisation and transport management Pollutant emissions

3. 3 16/02/2014 Typical areas Typology of the Paris area according to: Population, employment - Housing Equipments : school, high school, shopping Road networks : type, density, crossroads Traffic flow Proximity / distance indicator

4. 4 16/02/2014 Bus lines and their itinerary through the type-areas Analysis of the bus lines as regards the urban context

5. 5 16/02/2014 Bus lines and their itinerary through the type-areas Analysis of the bus lines as regards the urban context

6. 6 16/02/2014 Characterization of the bus lines according to the served areas High density areas, primary roads, high traffic 14 km/h 0,3 * Isolated housing areas 150,3 Isolated mixed housing areas 150,3 City centre110,5 Rapid lines280,2 * Irregularity index

7. 7 16/02/2014 Monitoring of buses and development of representative driving cycles City Centre Cycle High population areas near primary roads with high traffic Concentrated collective housing Areas (city centre) 4 lines, 2 buses in actual operation Speed, acceleration, stops, load, engine and auxiliaries operation Localisation 25,000 km, 1600 h, 16km/h, 32%idle Analysis of the local driving conditions Development of 3 representative D.C.

8. 8 16/02/2014 Three bus representative driving cycles, allowing a disaggregate analysis Liaison Dense mixed housing area Isolated individual housing area Concentrated mixed housing area, high population Inner Suburb (and link) Cycle Remote Suburb Cycle

9. 9 16/02/2014 Pollutant emissions, urban context & driving conditions Pollutant emissions measurements on 3 buses (EURO2, EURO3 w/wo PM trap, incl. Non Regulated Pollutants) (RATP – UTAC)

10. 10 16/02/2014 Conclusions - perspectives The urban context was analysed As a basis for the characterization of the buses driving conditions Bus lines described according to their itinerary profiles Monitoring of 4 representative bus lines, during 25000 km in actual exploitation High variability of the actual driving conditions according to the urban and exploitation contexts Building up of 3 representative driving cycles Construction of engine test cycles Pollutant emissions measurements on 3 buses (EURO2, EURO3 w/wo PM trap, including Non Regulated Pollutants) An approach and driving cycles allowing a detailed analysis of the bus and bus network pollutant emissions