1. Contributions from: Edouard Bugnion, Jack Lo, and Parthas Ranganathan Presented at the First Workshop on Computer Architecture Evaluation Using Commercial Workloads (held with HPCA-4, Las Vegas, February 1, 1998) 3G :The Next Generation Sridhar Rajagopal

2. Outline 3G Wireless The World of Mobile Multimedia Introduction - 3G Standards Implementation Issues My idea of the future

3. 3G Wireless 1G –Analog voice communications (AMPS) 2G –Digital voice – Data Services Low to Medium rate (9.6 kbps) –DAMPS, GSM, IS-95 3G –Integrate Multimedia Services –High Data Rates –Adaptability of mobile device to the environment. –Unite different communication platforms Different standards Different means of communication

4. Mobile Multimedia Services

6. The World of Mobile Multimedia Take Part in a Video Conference from a Remote Location Share Information to Feel Closer Get What You Want When You Want It! Explore your Intellectual Curiosity in a Mobile Environment Various Security Functions Electronic Account Settlement in a Mobile Environment http://www.nttdocomo.com/….

7. Modes Of Operation Packet Data Services Real Time Services Mixed Services –Supports variable rates of transmission –Different QoS requirements –Different rates for different environments 2 Mbps : Indoor 384 kbps : Pedestrian 144 kbps : Vehicular

8. Adaptability of the Mobile Communication : Anytime, Anywhere…….. A ‘Single Appliance’ that can work at – Indoor : Wireless /(Wired Ethernet) – Outdoor : Wireless –Home : Cable Modem / DSL / Wireless REASON for Adaptability : driven by COST –Wires are here to stay!

9. United we Stand Different 2G standards –GSM, IS-95. Work in the African Jungles, the Sahara Desert, Antartica? Harmonization : –UMTS/IMT-2000 : ETSI,ARIB,3GPP,ANSI,ITU Goal : –Global Communication

10. 3G Layer Structure Physical Layer Signaling Services PPP Packet Data Application TCPUDP Voice Services OSI Layers 3-7 OSI Layer 2 OSI Layer 1 Circuit Data Application High Speed Circuit Network Layer Services Medium Access Control (MAC) Link Access Control (LAC) LAC ProtocolNull LAC MAC Control States Best Effort Delivery (RLP) Multiplexing IP QoS Control http://www.itu.int/imt/2-radio-dev/index.html

11. Wireless Network Configuration http://www1a.mesh.ne.jp/...

12. Mobile Communication Network

13. 3G Standards - Radio Access Network Improved Capacity (3 dB) Coverage & Link Budget Improvements Power, the Common Resource –Adjust Power to limit interference & get QoS. Multiple Parallel Services on a single connection –OVSF Link Improvements –Multiuser Detection, Transmit Diversity, Adaptive Antennas…. Asynchronous Base Station operation

14. 3G Standards - Radio Access Network Interfrequency Handover –Hierarchical Cell Structure (HCS) [ Macro & Micro Overlap] –‘Hot Spots’ SCR’s Support for Adaptive Antenna Arrays TDD Mode

15. The Air Interface 5 MHz Bandwidth –Resolve more multipaths, capacity Basic Chip Rate –4.096 Mcps Basic Frame Length –10ms

16. Transport Channels Unidirectional Dedicated / Common Broadcast Control (DL) Forward Access (DL) Paging (DL) Random Access (UL) Dedicated (UL/DL)

17. Channel Structure Pilot N pilot bits TPC N bits Data N data bits T slot = 2560 chips, 10*2 k bits (k= 0.. 6) DPDCH DPCCH FBI N bits TFCI N bits FDD UPLINK 1 Frame = 16 slots

18. Spreading and Modulation QPSK Modulated Scrambling Code Length = 1 Frame (40960 chips) Truncated Complex Gold Code (2 18 -1 ) for Scrambling Uplink –Users distinguished by Scrambling Codes Downlink –Users distinguished by their Walsh codes –Scrambling code to distinguish cells.

19. Channel Coding Rate 1/3 Convolutional Code –Low Delay, Moderate Error (10 -3 ) Concatenated Rate 1/3 + Outer RS + Interleaving –High Quality (10 -6 BER) Turbo Codes –High Rate, High Quality

20. Random Access Channel For Acquisition of a Dedicated Channel MS selects spreading codes for preamble/message MS selects spreading factor for message Randomly selects signature & access slot for burst MS - Closed Loop Power Control Transmits If no ACK, repeat!

21. Implementation Issues ‘Single Appliance’ How should the hardware look? Current Application –Nokia 9110 Communicator Embedded AMD 486 processor 2 Mb user data 8 Mb memory GEOS Operating System (ver 3.0) Dimensions: 158 x 56 x 27 mm Weight: 253 g Data speed :14,400 bps

22. Implementation Issues Various applications have different needs –Desired Bandwidth –Error Rate –Security All applications can use the same memory. Make it Software- reconfigurable. MIT Oxygen Project : –Microchip wiring that can be automatically reprogrammed for different tasks. –Software controlled Logic Operations –Software controlled wire routing.

23. Implementation Issues Adaptation to different environments –Seamless handover Reconfigurability issues WAP (Wireless Application Protocol) Support –Internet services on Mobile appliances. Directions : –Dynamically Reconfigurable FPGA’s –mNIC

24. My Idea of the Wireless Future A laptop 5 times lighter Have a mobile phone attached Ear plug for hands-free talking Size adjustable Low Power Can be attached in front of you Wireless access, anytime, anywhere Can be folded & kept in your pocket! Low COST! Reusable Paper Printer at the Bottom

25. The Past ……….

26. The Future is here …….