1. What makes you you? NATURE VS. NURTURE: Are you the product of your GENETIC INHERITANCE (Nature) NATURE VS. NURTURE: Are you the product of your GENETIC INHERITANCE (Nature) or your ENVIRONMENT (Nurture)? SOCIOBIOLOGISTS: Biology (genetics, nature) is the basis of most social behavior SOCIOBIOLOGISTS: Biology (genetics, nature) is the basis of most social behavior Most sociologists reject the purely socio-biological approach; to them social factors (nurture) are key factors influencing personality and social behavior Most sociologists reject the purely socio-biological approach; to them social factors (nurture) are key factors influencing personality and social behavior

2. John Locke’s theory: John Locke’s theory: Tabula Rosa: Locke believed that we are born with no personality, that all is learned (super nurture) WHO IS RIGHT????????? WHO IS RIGHT????????? Most likely both nature and nurture are contributing factors in shaping who you are. Most likely both nature and nurture are contributing factors in shaping who you are.

3. Self Test What personality traits of your parents do you think you share? Do you believe those traits can be traced to nature or nurture? Which factor is more powerful: nature or nurture? Why would a sociobiologist disagree with John Locke? How would you predict the oldest child in a family would be different from the youngest?

4. The Social Self Socialization: Interactive process by which individuals learn the norms, values and behavior patterns of society. Socialization: Interactive process by which individuals learn the norms, values and behavior patterns of society.

5. A Lack of Socialization leads to Social Isolation Human contact is critical to normal human development. Human contact is critical to normal human development. Isolated Children ( Wild or Feral Children) have been documented and the developmental damage done to them is usually severe. Isolated Children ( Wild or Feral Children) have been documented and the developmental damage done to them is usually severe.

6. How does when shape who? BIRTH ORDER: When you were born affects who you are BIRTH ORDER: When you were born affects who you are FIRST BORN: ACHIEVEMENT ORIENTED, COOPERATIVE, CAUTIOUS FIRST BORN: ACHIEVEMENT ORIENTED, COOPERATIVE, CAUTIOUS LATER BORN: MORE SOCIAL, AFFECTIONATE, FRIENDLY, CREATIVE LATER BORN: MORE SOCIAL, AFFECTIONATE, FRIENDLY, CREATIVE

7. The Looking Glass Self The belief that we develop an image of ourselves based on how we imagine we appear to other people. The belief that we develop an image of ourselves based on how we imagine we appear to other people. Closely related to the Self- Fulfilling Prophecy Closely related to the Self- Fulfilling Prophecy

9. AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION FAMILY: Most important! FAMILY: Most important! PEER / SCHOOL: Next significant agent in socialization beginning at age 5 (school) PEER / SCHOOL: Next significant agent in socialization beginning at age 5 (school) MASS MEDIA: Music, Television, Films MASS MEDIA: Music, Television, Films RELIGION RELIGION SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS: Girl Scouts, Sports, Chess club SOCIAL ORGANIZATIONS: Girl Scouts, Sports, Chess club

10. RESOCIALIZATION Changing the Norms and Values of your initial SOCIALIZATION process and adopting a new set of Norms and Values Changing the Norms and Values of your initial SOCIALIZATION process and adopting a new set of Norms and Values example: Military Boot Camp TOTAL INSTITUTION: When individuals are isolated from society (by choice or force) and adapt to new norms and values TOTAL INSTITUTION: When individuals are isolated from society (by choice or force) and adapt to new norms and values example: Prisons, Monastaries example: Prisons, Monastaries

12. Rites of Passage The transition from one developmental period to another is often recognized and celebrated by the social group. Puberty is recognized in most cultures as the entrance into the world of adulthood, and usually is accompanied by a “rite of passage” Rites of Passage are usually social events and vary based on cultural norms and gender.

13. Gender Roles and Socialization "Sex" refers to the biological and physiological characteristics that define men and women. "Gender" refers to the socially constructed roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society considers appropriate for men and women. Each society creates its own rules about appropriate Gender Roles Many gender roles that emerge in our society are based on women as mothers and fathers at providers Societies frequently limit acceptable roles for either sex based on their perceived gender roles

14. Teen Suicide The stress of adolescence triggers teens to commit suicide in numbers disproportionate to the general population

15. Sociology and Suicide Although suicide is generally the act of individuals strong social forces influence the decision to commit suicide.

16. Teen Suicide Extreme levels of - - Group identification or - - Isolation both predictors of greater incidence of teen suicide. 1. Very high levels of integration = the group is more important than the individual LESS COMMON IN OUR CULTURE

17. Teen Suicide 2. Low levels of social interaction = predictor of suicide (low interaction is the BY FAR THE stronger factor)

18. Teen Suicide CLUSTER EFFECT: Adolescent suicide can trigger other suicides within the adolescent community. Characteristics of Adolescents: – –Biological growth and development – –Undefined status – –Increased decision making – –Increased Pressure – –The Search for Self

19. The Elderly Baby Boom: 1946 – 1964 The Baby Boomers are now starting to retire People used to live about 11 years after retirement. Now that can be expected to live 20 years or more after retiring

20. Implications Seniors do not save enough money for a long retirement Poor health and medical expenses increase as we age Pension and Social Security funds will go broke to paying for these long-lived retirees. Seniors re-enter the job market and compete against the young and uneducated for entry level jobs Elder abuse: Number of elderly will strain care facilities and the quality of these facilities will drop