1. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University Māori and Positive Ageing Will Edwards Te Mata o te Tau Academy of Māori Research and Scholarship Weekly Seminar Series

2. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University What? Why? How?

3. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University Why Research Māori and Positive Ageing?

4. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University Global Ageing The World's population of older people has increased significantly and is projected to continue increasing Table 1. Number of older people (over 60 years): World YearPopulation (millions) 1950 200 2000 600 20502 000 Source: United Nations, 2001

5. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University Global Ageing Why is the global population ageing? Better infant survival Improved nutrition Changes in occupation Advances in medicine and care The ‘baby boomers’ ( born 1945-64)

6. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University New Zealand’s Ageing Population The number and proportion of people aged 65+ is increasing Source: Statistics New Zealand 2004

7. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University New Zealand’s approach to Positive Ageing The New Zealand Positive Ageing Strategy (2001) limits cultural diversity to the provision of services for older people…. ‘Goal 6.. a range of culturally appropriate services allows choices for older people’

8. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University Māori experiences and perspectives on ageing are different

9. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University Differentiating older Māori Life expectancy at birth 2000-02, years of life MaleFemale Māori69.073.2 Non-Māori76.381.1 Source: Statistics New Zealand, 2004

10. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University Differentiating older Māori Source: Statistics New Zealand 2005

11. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University Differentiating older Māori Financial difficulties Financial difficulty (%) Severe financial difficulty (%) Māori1520 Non-Māori106 Source: Cunningham et al, 2002

12. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University Differentiating older Māori Carriers of culture “Mahi atu e te iwi e, ngā rawe a tauiwi, otirā me wehi kei ngaro ngā tikanga a ngā taueke e” Broughton, c1983 Expectations of Māori (and wider) community in the context of cultural recovery and renaissance

13. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University Differentiating older Māori Māori development leaders “Ka haere te mātātahi, ka noho te mātāputu” Mead and Grove, 2001 Expectations of Māori (and wider) community in the context of social, political and economic recovery and renaissance

14. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University Differentiating older Māori Urbanised leaders - Born and spent childhood ‘at home’ moved with parents to urban centres - Ahi kā – ahi mātao (Home) Expectations of Māori (and wider) community in the context of social, political and economic recovery and renaissance

15. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University Differentiating older Māori very limited leisure time in ‘retirement’ …Lifelong interests and pursuits…may be sacrificed as other demands take precedence. Less orientated to personal comfort and endeavours, the life of a kaumātua becomes progressively more determined by the priorities of the marae, whānau or hapu… Durie, 1999

16. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University Differentiating older Māori

17. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University What Am I Researching about Māori and Positive Ageing?

18. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University Health Research & Older Māori Research Centre for Māori Health and Development - Te Pūmanawa Hauora 1997 Oranga Kaumātua 2002 Living Standards of Older Māori 2004-06 Oranga Kaumātua II 2004-10PhD Programmes

19. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University Health Research & Older Māori Oranga Kaumātua - 397 Māori over 60 years of age - Recruitment through Māori community networks (10 regions) - ‘Culturally conservative’ sample -QQ available in Māori and English Oranga Kaumātua II -400 Māori over 55 years of age -Recruitment through Māori community networks (5 regions) & electoral roll -‘Culturally conservative’ and ‘culturally integrated’ sample PhD Programme

20. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University PhD Programme Research Question ‘What are the characteristics of Positive ageing for Māori?’

21. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University PhD Programme Objectives 1) To illuminate the current socio-economic and cultural circumstances of older Maori; 2) To identify the characteristics of positive ageing for Maori; 3) To compare a Māori centred view of positive ageing with other perspectives; 4) To explore the interface between Indigenous knowledge and science.

22. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University How Am I Researching Māori and Positive Ageing?

23. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University Health Research & Older Māori PhD Programme - Review of literature -Quantitative data from OK II -Qualitative data from 10 in-depth interviews -Supervision and ethics

24. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University Review of literature Ageing (individual, population) Gerontology (Social, Cross-cultural) Te Ao Māori (social structures views on ageing) Indigenous perspectives on ageing Māori oral literature

25. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University Quantitative data from OKII -N=400, non random sample -5 regions (Waikato, Taranaki, Whanganui, Manawatū, Christchurch) -Questionnaire covers wide range of issues and utilises various instruments used in other research, e.g. ELSI, SF12, THNR -Quantitative data analysis (aggregated frequency tables)

26. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University Qualitative data from in- depth interviews -N=10, purposeful selection -Based in Taranaki -In-depth interviews open ended questions -Focus on their views on positive ageing -Thematic data analysis

27. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University Supervision and Ethics -Multi-layered supervision -PhD 2 supervisors -Oranga Kaumātua Advisory Committee -Koroua and Kuia from Taranaki -Ethics -MU Human Ethics Committee -Māori community -Kaumātua organisations and whānau

28. Te Pūmanawa Hauora Massey University What Why How