1. Ocean Acidification Victoria J. Fabry and Andrew G. Dickson
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
and
California State University San Marcos

2. Atmospheric CO2 concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii

3. Atmospheric CO2 concentration at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii
Ocean pH at the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series Site

4. Effect of adding CO2 to seawater↔
increases bicarbonate
increase in dissolved CO2
decreases carbonate
hydrogen ion concentration increases
pH = –log [H+] decreases
and the saturation state of calcium carbonate decreases

5. CO2 concentration in the atmosphere
Measured

6. CO2 concentration in the atmosphere
IPCC scenario A1FI
Measured

7. Aragonite saturation state (from corals’ point of view)
ppm
Aragonite saturation state (from corals’ point of view)
Extremely low
Optimal

8. Aragonite saturation state (from corals’ point of view)
ppm
Aragonite saturation state (from corals’ point of view)
Extremely low
Optimal

9. Aragonite saturation state (from corals’ point of view)
ppm
Aragonite saturation state (from corals’ point of view)
Extremely low
Optimal

10. Aragonite saturation state (from corals’ point of view)
ppm
Aragonite saturation state (from corals’ point of view)
Extremely low
Optimal

11. 1997
2008
Science, 2009

13. Distribution of excess CO2 in the oceans
Sabine et al. (2004) & Doney (2006)