1. Energy Flow through Ecosystems by d. jones

2. Habitat= the type of place where an organism lives determined by plant communities –community = all of the populations in the same habitat –abiotic factors soil water elevation climate

3. Classification of Organisms by Feeding Modes Producers –trap energy from the sun sun is the ultimate source of energy for earth use photosynthesis to make their own food –combine water and carbon dioxide to form carbohydrates –requires chlorophyll (they are green)

4. consumers –get food from producers –primary consumers feed directly on producers –secondary consumers feed on primary consumers –there can be tertiary and quaternary consumers

5. decomposers –bacteria and fungi –obtain their energy from organisms that have died or from animal wastes –occasionally obtain energy from organisms that are still living athletes foot –recycle nutrients and other molecules

6. Energy Flow SUNLIGHT  producer  primary consumer  secondary consumer  decomposer Steps in the series are called trophic levels.

7. Trophic Levels

8. Energy Loss energy is lost at each level –most of the energy is lost as heat –motion –metabolism there is more energy available at the lower trophic levels –therefore there is more mass of organisms

9. We can view this as a pyramid.

10. Central Valley grasses –produce seeds

11. valley oak –produce acorns

12. Insects grasshoppers: grasses crickets:grasses spiders: insects Arachnids

13. Mammals –Small Rodents jackrabbits: grass ground squirrel: seeds, fruit mice: seeds,grasses gopher: plant roots

14. Large Mammals Coyote: birds, small mammals, frogs, snakes, berries

15. Seed eaters Meat eaters BIRDS –kestrel: –insects –red tailed hawk: rabbits, ground squirrels Valley Quail

16. reptiles gopher snakes: rodents western fence lizard: insects

17. Make a pyramid and place all of the organisms mentioned in the previous 3 slides at the correct level.

18. grasses valley oak Western Fence Lizard, gopher snake, Kestrel, coyote,Red tail Hawk,spiders Quail, rodents, jackrabbit, grasshoppers, crickets coyote

19. A Food Chain series of organisms though which food energy passes

20. Make a food chain for the coyote. First - place organisms from the lowest trophic level at the bottom and work your way up the levels as you go up the page. grass seeds ground squirrel coyote Second – draw arrows pointing to the organism that is doing the eating.

21. Food Web feeding diagram which shows relationship between many food chains

22. Make a food web. first place the producers in a row at the bottom of the page grasses second place the consumers in rows similar to where they are found in the energy pyramid grasshoppers crickets rabbits ground squirrels quail kestrel coyote gopher snakes red tail hawk third draw arrows ( arrows point to the organism that is eating)

23. More terms that describe feeding relationships. predator –hunts for and kills its food example coyote eating rodents –coyote is the predator prey –animal eaten by a predator example the rodent is the prey of the coyote in the example above

24. herbivore –eats plants only carnivore –eats meat omnivore –eats meat and plants insectivore –eats insects scavenger –consumes garbage –or carrion organisms that were killed by something else

25. Foothill Oak Woodland

26. trees Blue Oak interior live oak –reproductive part = acorn

27. digger pine –pine nuts for reproduction –conifers evergreen needles seeds in cones

28. shrubs –buckeye –poison oak

29. mistletoe –symbiosis=close relationship between two species –parasitism = one benefits, the other is harmed

30. lichens –symbiotic relationship –mutualism both organisms benefit mosses fungi –mushrooms –bracken fungus

31. birds –scrub jay:acorns –acorn woodpecker: acorns –turkey vulture: carrion

32. mammals –mule deer:grasses –gray squirrels:acorns, pine nuts –gray fox: rodents –Bats: insects nocturnal –Rodents(gnawing mammals):grasses & fruits

33. insects –California sister butterfly: larva eat oak leaves –oak moth larvae: oak leaves –Mosquito:mammal blood –gall wasp:larvae live in oak –termites:dead wood

34. Classify each of the organisms of the Foothill Oak Woodland using the correct terms: producer predator prey scavenger decomposer herbivore carnivore omnivore insectivore