1. Oceanic observation network in China
国 家 海 洋 局
State Oceanic Administration
Oceanic observation network in China
Zhi Chen
State Oceanic Administration, China

2. 2017/4/22
Outline 1 2
Operation Status
Future Development

3. 2017/4/22
Outline 1 2
Operation Status
Future Development

4. Integrated Ocean Observing System
2017/4/22
Integrated Ocean Observing System
Remote Sensing: HY-1 & HY-2 series satellites, CMS aero planes
Land-based: Tidal gauges, Radar
Vessel-based: Research vessel, CMS vessel, voluntary observing ship
Water-based: Buoys, platforms
Emergency observing: vehicle, helicopter
After over 50 years development, we have established an integrated ocean observation system, from the sky to the underwater. In the sky, we have two satellites and CMS aero planes for remote sensing. Along the near-shore, we have several tidal gauges and radars. Over the open sea, we have research vessels, CMS vessels and voluntary observing ships. We have buoys and platforms as water-based observing techniques. During emergency response period, we also vehicles and helicopters for have emergency observation.

5. Coastal Observing Stations
2017/4/22
Coastal Observing Stations
Coastal observing stations under SOA:
3 branches: Qingdao, Shanghai and Guangzhou
15 key marine stations, managing 109 observing points
71 standard marine stations
38 observing points
Elements:
Temperature
Salinity
Tide
Wave
Meteorology
GPS
Marine chemistry
SOA has three branches for North, East and South China Sea regions management. It is the distribution of coastal observing stations. Along Chinese coastline, we have 15 key marine stations, which manage 109 observing point, 71 standard marine stations and 38 observing points. The observing elements includes temperature, salinity, tide, wave, meteorology, GPS, and marine chemistry.

6. Coastal Observing Stations
Chengshantou
Shengshan
Zhelang
Pingtan
Daishan
Yun’ao
2017/4/22
Tanggu
Xiamen
Here is some pictures for your reference. We released the standard for the coastal observing station designing, in order to make them have similar looks. So it is easy to aware they are built for coastal observation.

7. Buoys maintained by SOA
2017/4/22
Buoys maintained by SOA
18 large-size buoys for meteorology and wave height, seawater temp., et al.；
2 offshore small-size buoys；
2 Deep-sea Moorings；
4 offshore bottom-mounted moorings；
2 tsunami buoys.
Radars maintained by SOA
5 Ground wave Radar for current, wave field;
2 X-band Marine Radar for wave field;
1 Radar Ice Sounder for Sea ice regime, thickness.
Here is the distribution of the buoys and radars. The total number of buoys is less than 30, it is not so many, which includes 2 tsunami buoys in the South China Sea. We have 8 different types of radars for different elements observing, such as current, wave, and sea ice.

8. Observing Buoys 2017/4/22 Large-size buoy Argo Tsunami buoy
Some pictures for your reference. Also include Argos, which is one part of international Argo plan.
Argo
Tsunami buoy

9. Radars 2017/4/22 Current mag., direction Sea ice regime
Radar in Xiamen, for current and sea ice observing.
Current mag., direction
Sea ice regime

10. ………… Remote Sensing: Aeroplane 2017/4/22 Green tide Red tide Sea ice
Oil spill
…………
The aero planes are used to get area data of some kinds of disasters, such as sea ice, red tide, green tide, as well as the technological disaster, oil spills.

11. Remote Sensing: Satellite
2017/4/22
Remote Sensing: Satellite
HY-1
HY-2
The previous speech, Dr. Song has given a detail introduction about the operational work of the two satellites, so I think you have already have gotten much information about this remote sensing technique application in China.

12. 2017/4/22
Emergency Observing
Sea ice

13. Data observed: GTS Argo RAMA Satellite remote sensing
2017/4/22
Data observed:
GTS
Argo
RAMA
Satellite remote sensing
SOA real-time observation data …
With the above integrated marine observation system, we get a big amount of data in several formats. The data is the base of marine forecast.

14. Outline Operation Status 1 Future Development 2 2017/4/22
Although through the fifty years, we have established a relatively comprehensive ocean observing system, we know it is still far away from a perfect one, which is able to meet the requirements of many aspects. We still need to work harder to improve the system, for example, when we responded to the two typhoons, Ramasoon and Kalmaegi, in Chinese is Weimaxun and Haiou, we found that in some places, which were hit by the typhoons heavily, were lack of wave element. It influenced the forecast and early warning, and influenced the decision making of the government and people. So in the future, we are going to further enhance the capacity building of ocean observation.

15. Needs-oriented capacity building Upgrading and new technology adoption
2017/4/22
Future Development
System development
Scope extension
Needs-oriented capacity building
Upgrading and new technology adoption
International cooperation enhancement
Etc.

16. National Oceanic Observing Network
2017/4/22
System Development
National Oceanic Observing Network
Operational Basic OON
Professional OON
National BOON
Local BOON
hydrology
meteorology
maritime
education
research
gauge
radar
plat form
buoys
ships
survey
sea floor
tsunami
satellite
gauge
radar
platform
buoys
ships
What I just introduced is the national basic ocean observing capacity. Our target is to construct a strong network including national, which is maintained by SOA; local, maintained by local government; professional network, maintained by relative organizations or agents.

17. Scope Extension Near-shore observing Offshore and open sea observing
2017/4/22
Scope Extension
Near-shore observing
Set up gouges along China coast and islets, including observing stations, coastal radar stations and tsunami warning observing platforms.
Offshore and open sea observing
Set up in China Sea, including buoys/submarine buoys, standard oceanic sectional survey stations, offshore observing platforms, volunteer ships and platforms, ocean floor observing network, tsunami warning observing network and satellite observing network.
Ocean and polar regions observing
Arrange observation on focused regions in west pacific ocean, Indian ocean, polar regions, including buoys/submarine buoys, oversea gauges, volunteer ships, oceanic surveys and polar region scientific researches.

18. Needs-oriented capacity building
2017/4/22
Needs-oriented capacity building
Marine disaster mitigation service
Marine disaster prone zone
Significant coastal projects and industrial districts
Climate change and environmental sensitive areas
Other vulnerable areas
Marine environment safeguard service
Sailing routes and maritime channels
Fishing boats
Search and rescue
Others
Other Needs

19. Requirement-oriented capacity building
2017/4/22
Future Development
System development
Scope extension
Requirement-oriented capacity building
Upgrading and new technology adoption
International cooperation enhancement
Etc.

20. State Oceanic Administration
国 家 海 洋 局
State Oceanic Administration
Thank You！
Thank you！