1. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)1 Development of IF Amplifiers for ALMA Isaac López-Fernández (Engineer OAN) Carmen Diez (PM Herschel TTI) Rafael Garcia (Technician OAN) Juan Daniel Gallego (Engineer OAN) Alberto Barcia (Engineer OAN)

2. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)2 OUTLINE Presentation of O bservatorio A stronómico N acional Experience in Cryogenic Amplifiers Particularities of Cryogenic Amplifiers Devices HIFI Amplifiers Isolators ALMA Amplifiers Summary

3. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)3 ORGANIZATION

4. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)4 ORGANIZATION: AREAS STAFF:Technical: 10 Eng.+ 5 Tech. Scientific:12 Astr. Admin:7

5. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)5 INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS

6. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)6 TECHNICAL PROJECTS (1) 40m Antenna: –Commissioning:2004 –Receivers –Holography HERSCHEL: –DM:finished –QM:2003 –FM/FS:2003-2004 –Launch:2007

7. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)7 TECHNICAL PROJECTS (2) IRAM: –Next Generation Plateau de Bure Receivers ESOC: –X band Cryogenic Amplifiers for DSN receivers

8. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)8 Experience in Cryogenic Amplifiers (1) More than 150 cryogenic LNAs for different applications: –IRAM: Grenoble, PdB interferometer, 30m (IF amplifiers) –HERSCHEL: DMs for mixer groups ( CALTECH, DEMIRM, IRAM, JPL, KOSMA, SRON) DMs Delivered (QMs, FMs, FSs in ALCATEL) –CFA: Harvard, USA, SMA –ARECIBO ( Puerto Rico) –BORDEAUX Observatory –EMCOR (Atmospheric sensing) –PRONAOS (mm receiver in stratospheric balloon) –ESOC: DSN X band receivers –CAY: VLBI receivers (X and K band)

9. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)9 Experience in Cryogenic Amplifiers (2) Wide experience with HEMT devices –More than 30 batches of commercial GaAs transistors tested –Several models of InP transistors measured JPL-TRW (CHOP program): 15 batches, 9 models ETH Zurich: 8 batches, 4 models Chalmers University: 1 batch HRL: 1 batch, 4 models

10. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)10 Particularities of Cryogenic Amplifiers Extreme range of temperatures (  400 K) Mechanical stress due to differential expansion coefficients –Substrates –Connectors –Epoxy Some passive components do not work –Resistors –Capacitors Some semiconductors do not work (carrier freezing) –HEMTs may need illumination –LEDs –Zenner

11. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)11 Stress Relief Contacts An example: ‘O’ ribbon connection in the SMA tab contact: –Allows mobility in three axis –Excellent electrical properties compared with traditional SMA connections

12. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)12 Microwave Capacitors at Cryogenic Temperature

13. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)13 Design Description (1) Interstage matching circuits MICROTECH DC connector SMA connector Bias cavity with biasing circuits Transistor area detail. See source inductive feedback and drain resistive loading ETH transistor with bonding wires 1 23 Input matching circuit Output matching circuit

14. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)14 TRW T-42 CRYO3  200×0.1 μm gate  Best performance TRW T-45 CRYO4  200×0.1 μm gate  Used in DMs  Space qualifiable, to be used in FMs  CHOP developed ETH T-35  200×0.2 μm gate  Experimental transistor  Design by request  Used in DMs 0.22 mm 0.19 mm Transistors

15. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)15 HIFI YCF 6004 m=65 g 58 x 32 x 15 mm

16. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)16 HIFI YCF 6004 (Noise and Gain)

17. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)17 HIFI YCF 6000 (Noise and Gain)

18. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)18 HIFI YCF 6000 (I/O Reflection)

19. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)19 HIFI YCF 6000 (Gain Stability)

20. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)20 HIFI YCF 6000 (Results)

21. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)21 Isolators: Measurements

22. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)22 Isolators: P erformance

23. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)23 Isolators measured @ 14 K (PAMTECH gives data @ 77 K) Good agreement between measurement and estimation of isolator noise Mean contribution 1.1 – 1.4 K Isolators

24. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)24 ALMA YCA 1000 FEATURES Demonstration prototype 3 stages for more gain InP in first stage for low noise GaAs in 2 nd and 3 rd stages for easy procurement Smaller size and weight (no extra cavity) Less limitations in power dissipation

25. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)25 ALMA YCA 1002 m=31 g 46 x 29 x 9.0 mm

26. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)26 YCA 1002 (Noise and Gain)

27. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)27 YCA 1001 (Gain Stability)

28. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)28 YCA 1001 (Gain Stability)

29. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)29 HIFI YCF 6004/ALMA YCA 1002

30. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)30 PA/QA (Qualification) Performance tests at 15K 25 cryogenic cycling between RT and 15K 5 warm cycling between RT and 80ºC 144 hrs. extended bake-out at 80ºC Vibration (sine/random) at 77K 25 cryogenic cycling between RT and 15K Performance tests at 15K

31. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)31 PA/QA (Acceptance) Performance tests at 15K 3 cryogenic cycling between RT and 15K Vibration (sine/random) at RT Performance tests at 15K

32. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)32 Industry: ALCATEL Clean room for assembly Cryostat (property of OAN) for measurements Specialized in production for space (strict QA) Experience with HERSCHEL amplifiers

33. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)33 Industry: TTI Bonding machine Experience in cryostats Complete receiver with S/X cryogenic amplifiers delivered to Finland 8.4 K @ 8.4 GHz with Fujitsu devices (20  h  k)

34. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)34 Summary (1) ALMA 4-8 GHz based on the HIFI heritage –Prototype almost ready (correction to power dissipation) –Isolator available (PAMTECH) –IRAM (Band 7): 8 units June 2003 –SRON (Band 9): 2 units June 2003 ALMA 4-12 GHz –Development not started yet –Prototype Isolator available (PAMTECH) –2 Amplifiers needed by December 2003

35. Observatorio Astronómico Nacional Instituto Geográfico Nacional ALMA CAY 05/03/2003IGN (Madrid)35 Summary (2) PROBLEMS TO SOLVE: –Procurement of InP devices (Help from ESO needed) TRW, ETH, HRL ? –Resources for construction: More personal needed! (2 Technicians + 1 Eng.) Increase efficiency of tests (new test station needed in 2003) Decision of construction in OAN or subcontractor Cost