1. Chemistry 101

3. Elements are completely pure. All Matter is made up of Elements They are only made of one type of ATOM HELIUM ATOM

5. Elements make up all living things. O: Oxygen C: Carbon H: Hydrogen N: Nitrogen

7. How do I find the Neutrons?

8. ElementProtonsElectronsNeutrons Na Cl Mg Ne Ag Br Bonus: Ds

9. ElementProtonsElectronsNeutrons Na11 12 Cl17 18 Mg12 Ne10 Ag47 61 Br35 45 Bonus: Ds 110 171

10. Rules for writing element symbols Must print 1 st letter capitalized 2 nd letter lower case Why? Ex. CO vs. Co Carbon& Oxygen vs Cobalt

11. Atom Smallest particle of an element that still has the characteristics of that element Atom of Sodium

12. Actual photograph of atoms of germanium in an ink-blot.

13. Structure of an atom Proton (p+) Neutron (n) Electron cloud or Shell or Level Electron (e-)

14. Electron energy levels Are regions where electrons travel around the nucleus. Each energy level can only hold a certain number of electrons 1 st Shell = 2 electrons 2 nd Shell = 8 electrons 3 rd Shell = 8 electrons

15. Li 3

16. Groups/Families The elements in a column are called a group. Groups are also known as families. Elements in a group have similar characteristics. The OUTER SHELL = VALENCE SHELL ADD this sentence

17. Periods Each horizontal row is called a period. A period contains a series of different type of elements from different family. They represent the # of SHELLS. ADD this sentence

18. Why the Table Works? Elements have different numbers of outer (valence) electrons The number of (valence) electrons determines whether it gives up, shares, or accepts other electrons. That number of valence electrons an element has increases from left to right known as a period!

19. Famous Families Noble Gases Non-reactive Full outer shell

20. Famous Families Alkali Metals Highly Reactive with water and the Halogens Reactivity increases as you move down the group Demos 1 electron in outer shell Na

21. Famous Families Halogens Highly Reactive with alkali metals Missing 1 electron in outer shell

22. Alkali Metals Halogens Noble Gases On your big periodic Table: 1.Circle and label the three groups above. 2.Star the metalloids which are in yellow

23. Building Blocks of Matter Atoms are the building blocks of matter. molecule compound molecule element molecules Each compound is made of the same kind of molecule. A molecule is made of two or more different kinds of elements that are chemically bonded. Each element is made of the same kind of atom. atom

24. Compound Compounds are pure substances Only made of one type of molecule! Example: Sodium Chloride… Element Elements are pure substances Only made of one type of atom! Example: Sodium

32. The Compound: Sodium Chloride

33. Element vs Compound Stations CompoundsElement

35. Counting Atoms in a Molecule

36. Counting Elements: Every Capital letter is the beginning of a new element in the formula. Capital letter = New element NaCl= 2 elements: Na & Cl

37. 6 C atoms + 12 H atoms + 6 O atoms = 24 total atoms Counting Atoms: A small number, below and to the right of the element symbol, is called a subscript # = # of atoms C 6 H 12 O 6

38. Counting Total Atoms in Compounds: A large number at the beginning of a formula signals that there are two of that molecule. 1.Count the total atoms after the #2 2.Then multiply the group by 2 2 CuSO 4 3 Elements 6 x 2 =12 total atoms CuSO 4 =6 atoms

39. Parentheses and subscripts 1.Add the inside of (parentheses) first. 2.Multiply the ( ) by the subscript. 3.Add the other atoms to your answer NaH(CO 3 ) 4 CO 3 + CO 3 + CO 3 + CO 3 4 Elements 18 Total Atoms

40. Building Molecules Lab

41. Why Chemical Reactions Occur… Three things to remember: 1.Atoms want to be stable! 2.Atoms with full outer levels are stable 3.Atoms will do anything to become stable! Chemical Reaction Example

42. 2 types of Chemical “Bonding” Covalent bonding: atoms share electrons –Ex. Oxygen (Oxygen bonds with oxygen) Ionic: atoms gain or lose an electron –Ex. Chlorine needs one electron and sodium has one extra to give. –This changes their charge and makes NaCl