1. The Rwandan Genocide

2. Genocide
Genocide is a term defined as any act committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnic, racial or religious group, as such:
Killing members of the group
Imposing measures intended to prevent births within a group

3. Rwanda Genocide
The Rwandan genocide was the systematic massacre of an estimated 800,000 people
Mostly Tutsi tribe members
Also includes moderate Hutus members
The massacre lasted approximately 100 days from April to mid-July, 1994

5. Rwanda-History 3 tribes of people that inhabit Rwanda Twa Hutus Tutsi
The original inhabitants
Hutus
Migrated in 1000s
Tutsi
Migrated in the s

6. Rwanda-History (Continued)
The Tutsis tribe of people gained a large dominance over the Hutus
By the late 18th century, a single Tutsi-ruled state occupied most of the present day Rwanda
Controlled by a Tutsi King who controlled the land and
Gave power to the Tutsi people
Population did not mean control:
75% Hutu
20% Tutsi
5% Twa

7. Rwanda 1890 In 1890, Rwanda accepted German rule without resistance
Became part of the German East Africa
Germany
Little rule over Rwanda
No economic development
Tutsis still ruled the country

8. Rwanda 1916-1919 During WW1 (1916), Belgian forces occupied Rwanda
In 1919 it became part of the Belgian League of Nations
Social structure was not altered
Christian missionary work of converting the locals to Roman Catholicism was undertaken

9. Rwanda 1933 Belgian control of Rwanda Eugenics movement
Political power rested with the Tutsis
Eugenics movement
Tutsis were considered to have Caucasian ancestry
Thought to have lighter skin & larger skulls
Tutsis were ‘superior’ to Hutus

10. Rwanda 1933 (continued)
One of the major contributing factors to the split of ethnic groups was the creation of group classification on ID cards in 1933
Introduced a rigid racial concept of group identity

11. Rwanda
Tutsis began to believe the myth of their superior racial status
Tutsis exploited their power over the Hutu
Created a resentment and hostility between the Tutsis & Hutu

12. Rwanda 1959 Civil war erupted in 1959
Fighting between the Hutus and Tutsis
The Hutus emerged victorious
Tens of thousands of Tutsis were killed
Around 100,000 Tutsis fled the country

13. Rwanda 1960s-1970s Series of Hutu-Tutsi clashes
Government was controlled by the military
1973 – Defense Minister Juvénal Habyarimana (Hutu) took over the government
Re-elected several times as leader until 1993

14. Rwanda
In 1990, Rwanda was invaded from Uganda by the Rwandan Patriotic Front (RPF)
Mainly Tutsi refugees
The invasion was unsuccessful
President of Rwanda agreed to share the power
In 1993, a power-sharing agreement was signed between Hutus and Tutsis

15. Rwanda 1994
In April 1994, the president of Rwanda and the president of Burundi were killed in a suspicious plane crash
Civil strife erupted on a massive scale
Rwandan soldiers and Hutu gangs slaughtered an estimated 800,000 people, mostly Tutsis and moderate Hutus

16. Rwandan Statistics
An estimated 800,000 people were killed of a population of about 7 million
No outside government did anything to stop the genocide
The weapon of choice was the machete
Also used nail-studded clubs, and guns

17. Rwandan Horror Not Just Killed
Many of the women and girls were violently sexually assaulted by HIV+ men as part of a systematic rape campaign

18. Images

19. Images

21. Rwanda Today
2001 UN International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda some responsible received life in prison
Rwanda is struggling to heal and rebuild
It is showing signs of rapid development
The major markets for exports are:
Belgium, Germany, and China

22. Rwanda Today In April 2007 Many Hutu people have returned to Rwanda
Investment and trade agreement with Belgium
Many Hutu people have returned to Rwanda
The government has promoted reconciliation and economic development

23. THE END

25. Assignment Rwanda Jigsaw
Break up into groups of 5
Each group will be given a topic
The groups will then create a report of events (using a variety of visual aids) for the topic
Students will then break up into new groups and present their data to their new group

26. Rwanda Jigsaw Topics
A report on the response from the rest of the world to the situation in Rwanda from 1994 to now
A report on the steps taken by Rwanda to prevent a genocide from ever happening again
A report on the steps taken/not taken in regards to the conflict in Darfur-relate what is happening in Darfur to the events in Rwanda
A report on the changes in regards to women in Rwanda and how their roles in society have changed since 1994
A report on how Rwanda will look in 2044 (50 years after the genocide). This timeline will describe how the country has reconciled with its past based on how far they have come to date. Use other examples (Germany) as models of how to overcome such tragedies

27. Resources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genocide