1. Do Now  If you could choose the physical features of your child would you? Why? (3 Sentences)

2. Do-Now  How would you feel if you were this person? (3 Sentences)

3. Do Now  Define “Race”. Is it right to distinguish between people because of their ethnic background? (3 Sentences)

4. Answer these questions on the back of your article 1. Identify what “Race” means in Biological Terms? 2. Determine if Susie should have been classified as “Black” and why. 3. There is an 85% genetic variation between two people from the same race. Compare this fact to your prior knowledge of race. Are you surprised? Why?

5. Modern Human Variation Biological Anthropology

6. Homo Sapiens  The species that you and all other living human beings on this planet belong to is Homo sapiens. During a time of dramatic climate change 200,000 years ago, Homo sapiens (modern humans) evolved in Africa

7.  This is supported by mitochondrial DNA, or MTDNA  Compared to other Hominids our face teeth and jaw size has been reducing, while our cranial capacity increases

8.  The resulting human brain produces heat, uses about 20% of our calories, and is relatively difficult to get blood to.

9.  Modern humans also have a very advanced cooling system (hairless)

10. Homo Sapiens  Modern humans have very large brains, which the average size is approximately 1300 cubic centimeters.

11.  Housing this big brain involved the reorganization of the skull into what is thought of as "modern" -- a thin- walled, high vaulted skull with a flat and near vertical forehead. Modern human faces also show much less (if any) of the heavy brow ridges. Our jaws are also less heavily developed, with smaller teeth.

12. Processes in Human Variation and Adaption  In any given human population, individuals vary in external features (skin color/height) and internal features (blood type/susceptibility to disease)

13.  Physical differences may be caused by: Genetics Physical environment Cultural Environment

14.  Mutations, changes in genetic structure, are the ultimate source of genetic variation  Adaptations are genetic changes that give their carriers a better chance of survival and reproduction

15.  Adaptation through natural selection does not account for neutral traits  Genetic Drift and Gene Flow do Genetic Drift- isolation Gene Flow brining population together

16. Acclimatization  Physiological changes to environmental condition, they occur over time

17.  Humans can adapt to an environment in two ways Biologically Culturally

18. Physical Variation in Human Populations  Bergmann’s Rule-slender population of a species inhabit warmer climates of it’s geographic range, more robust species inhabit cooler areas

19. Do-Now  Watch the following video. Why do you think children chose the white doll? (3 Sentences)

20.  Allen’s Rule- Protruding body parts are relatively shorter in cooler areas

21.  Glogger’s Rule – populations of birds and mammals living in warmer climates have more melanin, therefore darker skin, fur, or feathers. Melanin regulates the body’s absorption of Vitamin D from sun light

22. Adaption to High Altitude  Hypoxia-breathing problem at high altitudes  Population living near the Himalayas and the Andes seem immune to hypoxia

23. Height  Allen’s rule impacts height  Weight impacts height  Nutrition, stress, and disease have all been linked to height

25. Susceptibility to Infectious Diseases  Certain population seem to have developed inherited resistance to particular infectious diseases

26. Sickle-Cell Anemia  Normal blood cells assume a sickle shape, damaging organs  Sickle cells are resistant to malaria

28. Lactase Deficiency  The inability to digest milk sugar (lactase)  Common in most of the world (Asia, Africa, North/South America)  Uncommon in cultures that have readily accessible milk (Northern Europe, Russia)

30. Immunity  Many diseases such as the flu or measles grant some degree of immunity with exposure. Making them more deadly to groups that lack exposure (Native Americans/ Columbus)

31. The Future of Human Variation  Laboratory fertilization, cloning, and genetic engineering are increasingly practiced on non- human organisms  Humans modify and control their environment like no other animal  What does this mean for the future of humans?

32. Type 3- Due Monday (20 Sentences)  Considering genetic diseases and harmful mutations, should the human race use genetic engineering to create children? (20 Sentences)  FAC-  1) Topic sentence and Conclusion.- 30%  2) Explain ideas with sufficient details- 50%  3) Use content-specific vocabulary accurately- 20%

33. Race and Racism  Race is not a useful scientific category  Populations (Africans/Europeans) vary more among themselves (genetically) than they do in comparison to people else where

34.  93-95% of all genetic variation is due to the individual, not the “race”  Only 3-5% is due to differences among populations

35.  Race is a social construct

36. Race and Civilization  Some views hold that “civilization” began in Europe and continues today in developed, first world, western nations  This ignores the fact that today’s under developed nations were once centers of great civilization

37. Piltdown Man  Racially motivated fake “find”

38.  Race has no link to intelligence, behavior or civilization

39. Rwandan Genocide  A product of recent history  The people of Rwanda were divided by the Belgians into two groups Hutu’s- Majority of population Tutsi’s-  When the Belgians left they gave power to the Tutsi’s

40. Rwandan Genocide  A Hutu leader eventually took power, and small militant groups of Hutu’s began to kill the Tutsi’s  800,000 people were killed

41. Do-Now  Does the United States have a responsibility to stop world-wide genocide? Why? (3 Sentences)

42. Do Now  Do you think the Europeans should have evacuated the Rwandans from the hotel? Why? (3 Sentences)