1. In-Group Bias: Stereotypes, Prejudice and Discrimination
Case Studies:
South African Apartheid
Rwandan Genocide
Jane Elliott’s Experiment

2. In-Groups and Out-Groups
Social Identity
Social categorization divide world into in-group (“us”) and out-group (“them”)
When do we start categorizing?

3. In-Groups and Out-groups
An in-group is a social group commanding a member’s esteem and loyalty; it is the one we identify with.
An out-group is a social group toward which one feels competition or opposition.
In-group bias: view our own group more favorably

4. Glossary
Stereotypes - beliefs about attributes that are thought to be characteristic of members of particular groups. They can be either positive or negative.
ex. Women are nurturing, car salesmen are dishonest
Prejudice - A negative judgment or opinion formed about a group without knowledge of the facts.
Discrimination - Treating someone less favorably based on the group, class or category they belong to. Discrimination is prejudice in action.

5. Stereotypes
A mental image of a group based on opinion without regard to individual differences.
Oversimplification or exaggeration about a group of people
They can be either positive or negative.
If individuals differ from stereotype, they are treated as exceptions.
Which of these stereotypes are attributed to males and which ones to females?
Aggressive
Dependent
Easily Influenced
Dominant
Passive
Home-oriented
Talkative
Tough
Rarely Cries
Emotional
Cruel

6. Forms of Prejudice
Sexism : prejudice based on a person’s biological gender
Racism: prejudice based on a person’s ethnicity
Sectarianism : prejudice based on a person’s religious background and/or political beliefs
Homophobia : prejudice based on a person’s sexual orientation
Disability Prejudice: Prejudice based on a person’s physical or mental abilities
Ageism: prejudice based on a person’s age
What forms of prejudice are more preponderant in society today?

7. Sourcing the Problem Stereotypes, Ideas, and Beliefs
Attitudes and Emotions
Prejudice
Discrimination

8. Discrimination in Society
Legal Discrimination
System of laws in a society allows for discrimination to occur
Institutionalized Discrimination
When discrimination and inequality become part of the social structure
No necessity for dominant group to intentionally dominate minority group.
More difficult to change because it runs deeper than the laws created.

9. Robert Merton: Patterns of Prejudice and Discrimination
The Active Bigot
Prejudiced and Openly discriminatory
The Timid Bigot
Prejudiced, but is afraid to discriminate because of society’s pressures
The Fair-Weather Liberal
Not prejudiced but discriminates anyway because of society’s pressures
The All-Weather Liberal
Not prejudiced and does not discriminate

10. Case Study: South Africa Under Apartheid
It was a system of government in South Africa from 1948 to 1990.
Apartheid means separation: the whites were separated from the black Africans and minorities.
The white minority ruled the country and the black majority did not have many rights.

11. How did the world react to Apartheid?
A lot of countries boycotted South Africa during Apartheid: they refused to buy its products.
Film and pop stars refused to perform in South Africa

12. Sports Against Apartheid
South Africa was absent from international sport events for most of the apartheid era due to sanctions
A lot of teams and champions refused to compete either in South Africa or against South Africa

13. Nelson Mandela He was the most important anti-apartheid leader
He spent 27 years in prison for his ideas
In 1994 he became the first black president after the first free elections in South Africa.
Used sports as a way to unite the country, especially the 1995 Rugby World Cup

14. Case Study: Rwandan Genocide
April 1994
Fight between two ethnic groups
Hutu majority conducted mass killings of Tutsi minority
Around 800,000 people were killed over a period of 100 days

15. Jane Elliott - Blue Eyes and Brown Eyes Experiment
3rd Grade Teacher Jane Elliott
Experiment conducted on the days after Martin Luther King assassination (1968)
Wanted to explain discrimination to 8 year olds.
Experiment deals with stereotypes, prejudice, discrimination, and the creation of in-group bias.