1. WORLD SYSTEMS & COLONIALISM PART 3

2. COLONIALISM

3. FIVE MAJOR COLONIAL POWERS Great Britain France Portugal Belgium Germany In addition to these, there was Spain, Italy and the Dutch.

4. BASIC REASONS FOR EUROPEAN COLONIZATION OF AFRICA Geo-Strategic: Since Africa was being colonized it was important that the _____________________________ Religious: Colonization was done on ___________ Bringing ____________ to the “heathen” Africans

5. BASIC REASONS FOR EUROPEAN COLONIZATION OF AFRICA Mercantilist: __________ was available for the taking Economic: harvesting the _________________for European good (linked to mercantilist) Provide a boost to the sagging economies of Europe as well as provide markets for manufactured goods ______________________________

6. African Trade [15c-17c]

7. Pre-19c European Trade with Africa

8. Industrial Revolution Source for Raw Materials Markets for Finished Goods European Nationalism Missionary Activity Military & Naval Bases European Motives For Colonization Places to Dump Unwanted/ Excess Population Soc. & Eco. Opportunities Humanitarian Reasons European Racism “White Man’s Burden” Social Darwinism

9. AFRICA BEFORE 1882

10. BERLIN CONFERENCE Impact of Colonialism  Foreign domination of a territory Berlin Conference (1884-1885)  Occurred during the New Imperialism period  Also called the ‘Scramble for Africa’  Initial interest  trade routes of the Congo and Nigeria Rivers  Neutral areas for trade

11. RESULTS: BERLIN CONFERENCE (1884-1885) Powers could only ____________if they maintained sufficient authority to administer and defend them; Niger and Congo rivers were ____________________; the ___________was the private property of the Congo Society; Any new act of possession along the African coast would not be recognized unless reported to the other signatory powers. The phrase_____________ made its first appearance in an international agreement.

12. Africa 1890

13. Africa in 1914

14. EXAMPLE -- RWANDA Castes – Hutus, Tutsi Belgians ruled through Tutsi Hutus gained autonomy after Belgian release Fight for more autonomy – militant 1959 groundwork for 1994 1994 ~800,000 Tutsi people killed 10,000-30,000 Hutus killed too 

15. EXAMPLES Turkey and Kurdistan  Push the Kurds into exile  Denying them their identity Nigeria: Christian and Muslim