1. Sui generis system for the protection of non-agricultural geographical indications – the Hungarian example András Jókúti Legal and International Department Hungarian Intellectual Property Office Brussels, 22 April 2013

2. Contents 1. GI protection schemes in Europe 2. Basics of sui generis GI protection 3. National sui generis GI protection in Hungary 4. Protected non-agricultural GIs in Hungary

3. GI protection schemes in Europe (room for sui generis national protection) WINESPIRITSAGRI- FOOD NON- AGRI Inter- national Lisbon EU Reg. 1234/2007/EC* Reg. 110/2008/EC* Reg. 1151/2012/EU* None (yet) National ? (HU: no) YES*NO Optional (HU: yes) HU examples TokajPálinka Makó (onion) Halas (lace) *protection requires (approved) product specification

4. Basics of sui generis GI protection Flagstone: a close link between the natural/human factors in a geographical area labelled by one geographical name (?) and the quality or characteristics of the products originating there Special industrial property protection for geographical[ ly inspired ] names which can be perceived as guarantees for quality PDO: requires a stronger link PGI: more flexible category Identical scope of protection (differences only in preconditions, logos and marketing) When the reputation backfires: dilution of the name may lead to becoming generic, thus unsuitable for protection In certain schemes, the product specification is the gateway to protection

5. Basics of sui generis GI protection (contd) Collective IP rights for everyone who comply with the approved product specification (if applicable) no registered right holder no possibility of licences no expiration of protection Official controls of compliance with the product specification (where applicable) Exclusive rights in the sense of being able to prevent (by way of civil action at court or by means of competition law) Use on non-eligible products and free riding Misuse, imitation or evocation (including type, style etc.) False or misleading indication Any other practice liable to mislead the public as to the true origin of the product

6. National sui generis GI protection in Hungary Established by the Trademark and GI Act of 1997 inspired by Reg. 2081/92/EEC adapted upon EU accession and - in relation to spirits - in 2009 Coverage of the sui generis national system GIs of non-agricultural products GIs of spirit drinks (with approved product specification and official controls) Appellations of origin protected under the Lisbon Agreement (where no HU refusal is communicated) Bilateral agreements (e.g. HU-CH) Transitional national protection within the EU schemes Categories (reflecting the EU system, also for spirits) Geographical indications Designations of origin

7. National sui generis GI protection in Hungary (contd) High level of protection (cf. Art 23 TRIPS and EU schemes) Registering authority: Hungarian Intellectual Property Office No product specification needed (except for spirit drink GIs, where approval is given by the Ministry of Rural Development), but a list of products is required in the application No specific logo established Enforcement (by any right holder or representative organisation) mainly civil court action for infringement GI counterfeiting is punishable under the Criminal Code customs enforcement rules also applicable consumer protection and competition law official controls are not provided for (save for spirits and transitional protection)

8. Protected non-agricultural GIs in Hungary Herend (porcelain) Budafok (enameled pottery) Bonyhád (enameled pottery) Szentgotthárd (blade, scythe) Gérce (alginite) Halas (lace) Parád (salt) Hollóháza (porcelain) Hövej (lace)

9. Thank you for your attention. andras.jokuti@hipo.gov.hu