1. Foundations of Government
Chapter One

2. Purposes and Origins of Government

3. What do you think is the purpose of the government?

4. The Functions of Government
Legitimate and functioning governments create order, protect people, and give them ways to settle disagreements fairly and peacefully

5. Governments Provide:
Leadership- set priorities and make decisions on the behalf of people, some may they might not do voluntarily
Examples: taxes, natural resources, and war
Maintain Order- governments try and control and contain conflict between people by placing limits on what individuals are permitted to do
Examples: laws, police security, court system
Public Services- promote public health and safety
Examples: schools, roads, housing codes, driving tests
National Security- protect people from attacks by other countries or terrorists
Economic Security and Assistance- governments negotiate trade deals and try and protect businesses and their peoples welfare
Examples: NAFTA, food stamps

6. Nation, State, and Country
Essential features of a state:
Population- must have people
Territory- established boundaries
Sovereignty- complete independence and power within its borders
Government- someone in charge

7. Origins of the State
Evolutionary Theory- the notion that the state evolved from the family. Heads of ancient tribes and families served as authority over the group
Force Theory- states emerged when people needed to cooperate to survive but could only become organized when one or more people took control
Divine Right Theory- the state exists to serve god, who chooses their leaders
Social Contract Theory- state exists to protect and serve their people
Thomas Hobbes- people surrender freedoms to the state to get order and security
John Locks- people have natural rights and the government promises to preserve them

8. Processing:
Hold up the correct letter which corresponds to the descriptions of each theory
F= Force Theory
D= Divine Right Theory
S= Social Contract Theory
E= Evolutionary Theory

9. The State exists to serve the will of the people.
Social Contract Theory

10. A strong leader was the origin of the state
Force Theory

11. Religion is the basis of authority
Divine Right Theory

12. Life for the early people was “nasty, brutish, and short”
Social Contract Theory

13. The primitive family was the first form of government
Evolutionary Theory

14. The seizure of power was the first act of government
Force Theory

15. Rulers are chosen by God
Divine Right Theory

16. In earliest history, people lived in a “state of nature”
Social Contract Theory

17. Might make right
Force Theory

18. Family ties were the basis of the early state
Evolutionary Theory

19. The state arose from the voluntary acts of free people
Social Contract Theory

20. Clans grew into tribes, and tribes grew into state
Evolutionary Theory

21. People voluntarily give to government certain rights
Social Contract Theory

22. The weak give way to the strong
Force Theory

23. Types of Government

24. Systems of Government
Unitary System- all key powers are in the central government, the only powers that the states or local governments have are expressly given by the central government
Example: Japan, France, Bolivia
Confederate System- a loose union of independent and sovereign states with a weak central power
Example: Micronesia
Federal System- the central government shares power among different levels of government
Example: USA, Brazil

25. Constitutional Governments
A constitution, or plan for government, serves several purposes:
It sets out ideas that the people bound by the constitution believe in and share
It establishes the basic structure of government and defines the governments powers and duties
Provides a supreme law of the country
The U.S. has the oldest written constitution (1787)
A constitutional government is a limited government
Constitutions are incomplete guides because no constitution can spell out every law, customs and ideas
Some countries do not follow their Constitutions (ex: China)

26. Essential Government Questions
Who governs?
Who or what gives the government power?
Who benefits from government?
What to be produced?
How should goods and services be produced?
Who gets the goods and services that are produced?
Essential Economic Questions

27. Activity: Gallery Walk
In small groups, create a Frayer Model over a type of government and economic systems
Dictatorship
Oligarchy
Monarchy
Autocracy
Parliamentary
Direct democracy
Representative democracy
Capitalism
Socialism
Communism
Definition
Characteristics
Picture
Real Life Example
Type of Government or Economy

28. Level of Freedom
Least Free
Most Free

29. What words do we use to describe the United States Government?

30. Democracy
Presidential democracy
Indirect democracy
Republic
Representative Democracy
Federal
National
Constitutional Republic

31. What are three principles (characteristics) of our U.S democracy?

32. Principles of Democracy
1. Citizen Participation- debates, voting, serving in military, paying taxes, jury duty, etc.
2. Regular Free and Fair Elections- regardless of race, gender, wealth, and all votes are counted equally
3. Accepting the Results of Elections- peaceful transfer of power
4. the Rule of Law- everyone follows and is accountable for the law
5. Majority Rule with Minority Rights- democracies are politically tolerant and protect those not in power
6. Accountability- representatives rule in accordance to their constituents, not themselves
7. Transparency- the people are able to get information about what decisions are being made

33. Principles of Democracy
8. Limited government and a Bill of Rights- limits the power of the government and expresses freedoms guaranteed to all citizens
9. Control of the Abuse of Power- a system of checks and balances and outside independent auditors
10. Economic Freedom- allows outside and private ownership of business and property
11. Equality- individuals and groups have equal rights and protection to have different cultures, personalities, languages and beliefs
12. Individual or Human Rights- democracies respect and protect the dignity of all people
13. Independent Judiciary- courts and the judicial system should be fair and impartial
14. Competing Political Parities- more than one political party must participate in elections and play a role in government

34. L- Assessment: Create Your Own State Travel Brochure
Each number is a section of your brochure.
Make sure to include a picture and explain in detail about each number.
Look at the rubric to make sure you get the best possible grade.
1. A map- Make sure to name your country
Be sure to include territory (draw a picture of your imaginary country), population (where do the people live), and government (capitol city)
2. Origin of your state- describe how your country came to be
Be sure to include which theory it follows
3. How is your governments power distributed (What system of Government)?
4. Who gets to participate in your government?
5. What is the relationship between the branches of government?
6. What is the economic system your country has?

35. K- Assessment: Create Your Own State Travel Brochure
Each number is a section of your brochure.
Make sure to include a picture and explain in detail about each number.
Look at the rubric to make sure you get the best possible grade.
1. A map- Make sure to name your country
Be sure to include territory (draw a picture of your imaginary country), population (where do the people live), and government (capitol city)
2. Origin of your state- describe how your country came to be
Be sure to include which theory it follows
3. How is your governments power distributed (What system of Government)?
4. Who gets to participate in your government?
5. What is the relationship between the branches of government?
6. What is the economic system your country has?