1. W

2. Earlier Explorations 1.Islam & the Spice Trade  Malaccas 2.A New Player  Europe Marco Polo, 1271 3. Chinese Admiral Zheng He & the Ming “Treasure Fleet” W

3. Map of the Known World pre- 1492

4. Motives for European Exploration 1.Crusades  by-pass intermediaries to get to Asia. 2.Renaissance  curiosity about other lands and peoples. 3.Reformation  refugees & missionaries. 4.Gold 5.Technological advances. 6.Fame and fortune. W

5. New Maritime Technologies Hartman Astrolabe (1532) Better Maps Sextant Mariner’s Compass W

6. New Technology Caravel Wheel lock Musket W

7. Prince Henry, the Navigator Started School for Navigation, 1419 W

8. Museum of Navigation in Lisbon

9. Portuguese Maritime Empire 1.Exploring the west coast of Africa. 2.Bartolomeo Dias, 1487-tip of Africa. 3.Vasco da Gama, 1498-India. 4.Alfonso de Albuquerque (Goa, 1510; Malacca, 1511).

10. Columbus [1451-1506]

11. Columbus’ Four Voyages

12. Other Voyages of Exploration

13. Ferdinand Magellan: 1st Circumnavigation of the World: Early 16 c

14. Atlantic Explorations Looking for “El Dorado”

15. Fernando Cortez The First Spanish Conquests: The Aztecs Montezuma II vs.vs.

16. The Death of Montezuma II

17. Mexico Surrenders to Cortez

18. The “Columbian Exchange”  Squash  Avocado  Peppers  Sweet Potatoes  Turkey  Pumpkin  Tobacco  Quinine  Cocoa  Pineapple  Cassava  POTATO  Peanut  TOMATO  Vanilla  MAIZE  Syphilis  Olive  COFFEE BEAN  Banana  Onion  Turnip  Honeybee  Grape  Peach  SUGAR CANE  Oats  Citrus Fruits  Pear  Wheat  HORSE  Cattle  Sheep  Pigs  Smallpox  Flu  Typhus  Measles  Malaria  Diptheria  Whooping Cough  Rice  Barley

19. W

20. Cycle of Conquest & Colonization Explorers Conquistadores Missionaries Permanent Settlers Official European Colony!

21. Treasure from the Americas! 35 million pesos between 1596-1600

22. Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade

23. Slaves Working in a Brazilian Sugar Mill

24. European Empires in the Americas

25. Triangular Trade

26. Treaty of Tordesillas: Pope’s Line of Demarcation

27. Father Bartolome de Las Casas Father Bartolome de Las Casas Spanish Monk who protested the Spanish cruelty towards Native Americans Spanish Monk who protested the Spanish cruelty towards Native Americans New Laws  1542 W

28. New Colonial Rivals

29. Impact of European Expansion 1.Native American populations ravaged by disease. ► Taino became extinct ► 1519 – 26 million ► 1605 – 2 million 2.11-15 million Africans enslaved 3.Spread of Christianity W

30. 4.Columbian Exchange 5.Influx of gold & silver into Europe = inflation. 10.5 million from 1581-1600 6.Deepened European rivalries. 7.Funding voyages of exploration led to Joint-stock companies Entrepreneurs Mercantilism  Capitalism W

31. 8. New Patterns of World Trade W