1. Chapter 6 Assessment of Acute Knee Injuries

2. Objectives Discuss the anatomical structures of the knee Identify and discuss the common acute injuries to the knee Review the following components of injury assessment related to the acute knee injuries Mechanism of injury Signs Symptoms

3. Bones Femur* Tibia* Fibula Patella *articulating surface covered with a smooth layer of articular cartilage (also referred to as hyaline cartilage)

4. Bones Femur* Tibia* Fibula Patella* *articulating surface covered with a smooth layer of articular cartilage (also referred to as hyaline cartilage)

5. Joints Tibiofemoral Proximal tibiofibular patellofemoral

6. Ligaments Joint capsule Medial collateral ligament (MCL) Medial collateral ligament (MCL) Protects against lateral forces Protects against lateral forces Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) Protects against medial forces Protects against medial forces Joint capsule Medial collateral ligament (MCL) Medial collateral ligament (MCL) Protects against lateral forces Protects against lateral forces Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) Lateral collateral ligament (LCL) Protects against medial forces Protects against medial forces

7. Ligaments Joint capsule Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) Prevents the tibia from moving forward or the femur from moving backward Prevents the tibia from moving forward or the femur from moving backward Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) Prevents the tibia from moving backward or the femur from moving forward Prevents the tibia from moving backward or the femur from moving forward Joint capsule Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) Prevents the tibia from moving forward or the femur from moving backward Prevents the tibia from moving forward or the femur from moving backward Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) Prevents the tibia from moving backward or the femur from moving forward Prevents the tibia from moving backward or the femur from moving forward

8. Menisci (Cartilage) Medial meniscus (C-shaped) Injured more frequently Less mobile Attaches to MCL ligament

9. Menisci (Cartilage) Lateral meniscus (O-shaped) Lateral meniscus (O-shaped) Injured less frequently more mobile

10. Menisci (Cartilage) Function Function Provide stability Provide shock absorbency Lubricate, reduce friction

11. Muscles Quadriceps (anterior) Hamstrings (posterior) Adductors (medial) Iliotibial band (lateral)

12. Muscles

13. Patellar Tendon

14. Common Acute Knee Injuries Contusion Meniscal injury Sprain Strain Chondral lesion Fracture Dislocation

15. Contusions to the Knee MOI Signs Symptoms

16. Meniscal Injuries MOI Signs Symptoms

17. Meniscal Injuries

18. Flap tear

19. Meniscal Injuries

21. Sprains to the Knee Medial (tibial) collateral (MCL) Lateral (fibular) collateral (LCL) Anterior cruciate (ACL) Posterior cruciate (PCL) Posterior View Anterior View

22. MCL Sprains MOI Signs Symptoms

23. LCL Sprains MOI Signs Symptoms

24. ACL Sprains MOI Signs Symptoms

25. PCL Sprains MOI Signs Symptoms

26. Patellofemoral Syndrome MOI Signs Symptoms

27. Patellar Tendinitis MOI Signs Symptoms