1. Adolf Meyer and George Barton OT513: Analysis and Adaptation of Occupation November 18, 2009 Kara Schreier, Danielle Sotelo, Stephanie Troiano, Laura Seidel

2. Adolf Meyer: Background Born on September 13, 1866 in Niederweningen, Switzerland Born on September 13, 1866 in Niederweningen, Switzerland 1892: 1892: Received his medical degree from the University of Zurich Received his medical degree from the University of Zurich Emigrated to the United States Emigrated to the United States Wrote The Philosophy of Occupational Therapy in 1922 Wrote The Philosophy of Occupational Therapy in 1922 Died March 17, 1950 at his home in Baltimore Died March 17, 1950 at his home in Baltimore

3. Connection to OT Believed in individualized treatment Believed in individualized treatment Believed in naturalistic and humanistic approach Believed in naturalistic and humanistic approach Worried doctors prescribe medication instead of taking time to treat each patient Worried doctors prescribe medication instead of taking time to treat each patient Believed in using patient’s individual assets to counter mental illness Believed in using patient’s individual assets to counter mental illness Helped develop philosophy of OT Helped develop philosophy of OT

4. Influence on OT One of the founders of occupational therapy Healthy living is a blend of “work and pleasure” Occupation is therapeutic The “work cure”

5. Mental problems are “problems of living” Fundamentals of Life: “Work and play and rest and sleep” “Our role consists in giving opportunities rather than prescriptions. There must be opportunities to work, opportunities to do, to plan and create, and to use material.” (Gordon, 2009). Major Contributions

6. George Barton : Background Born 1871- Brookline, MA Born 1871- Brookline, MA Died 1923 Died 1923

7. Connection to OT Architect Architect Boston Society of Arts and Crafts Boston Society of Arts and Crafts Little formal medical experience Little formal medical experience Experience through personal illness, nursing, and independent study Experience through personal illness, nursing, and independent study First exposure to OT in Clifton Springs Sanatorium- Reverend Elwood Worcester First exposure to OT in Clifton Springs Sanatorium- Reverend Elwood Worcester

8. Influence on the Profession 1914- Consolation House 1914- Consolation House Work as rehabilitation: “He used his own body as a clinic to work out the problem of rehabilitating himself” ( Quiroga, 1995, p. 118). Work as rehabilitation: “He used his own body as a clinic to work out the problem of rehabilitating himself” ( Quiroga, 1995, p. 118). Grading occupations, energy conservation strategies, efficiency Grading occupations, energy conservation strategies, efficiency 1915- coined the term “occupational therapy” 1915- coined the term “occupational therapy” “If there is an occupational disease, why not an occupational therapy?” (Reed & Sanderson, 1999) “If there is an occupational disease, why not an occupational therapy?” (Reed & Sanderson, 1999) 1917- NSPOT- President and chair of Committee on Research and Efficiency 1917- NSPOT- President and chair of Committee on Research and Efficiency Treat the “whole person” Treat the “whole person” Occupation as a drug Occupation as a drug

10. Major Contributions Rehabilitation can be achieved through work and productivity Rehabilitation can be achieved through work and productivity Used OT to work with the physically disabled Used OT to work with the physically disabled Energy conservation practices Energy conservation practices Founded NSPOT Founded NSPOT

11. Additional Accomplishments Cured his paralysis Cured his paralysis Consolation House Consolation House “He wanted to ‘raise the cry that it is time for humanity to cease regarding the hospital as a door closing upon a life…’” ( Reed & Sanderson, 1999 ) “He wanted to ‘raise the cry that it is time for humanity to cease regarding the hospital as a door closing upon a life…’” ( Reed & Sanderson, 1999 )

12. Value of OT Medicine only healed illness and patients left hospital completely dependent- OT gives people a purpose Medicine only healed illness and patients left hospital completely dependent- OT gives people a purpose Productive and meaningful activity speeds recovery Productive and meaningful activity speeds recovery A good occupation is one that “promoted physical improvement, clarified and strengthened the mind and could become the basis or the corollary of a new life upon recovery” (Peloquin, 1991). A good occupation is one that “promoted physical improvement, clarified and strengthened the mind and could become the basis or the corollary of a new life upon recovery” (Peloquin, 1991). Injury or illness does not mean life is over. Work can create a new meaningful and purposeful life. Injury or illness does not mean life is over. Work can create a new meaningful and purposeful life.

13. End of Life 1918-Resigned from presidency 1918-Resigned from presidency 1918- married 1918- married Continued as chair of Research and Efficiency Committee of NSPOT Continued as chair of Research and Efficiency Committee of NSPOT 1923- died from tuberculosis 1923- died from tuberculosis

14. References AOTA: A historical perspective. (2009). In the American occupational therapy AOTA: A historical perspective. (2009). In the American occupational therapy association, inc. Retrieved from http://www.aota.org/About/39983.aspx association, inc. Retrieved from http://www.aota.org/About/39983.aspx Bing, R. (1981). Occupational therapy revisited: A paraphrastic journey. American Bing, R. (1981). Occupational therapy revisited: A paraphrastic journey. American Journal of Occupational Therapy, 35, 499–518. Retrieved from http://www.aota. org/ Practitioners/Resources/Slagle/1981.aspx Founders image. (1917). Retrieved November 9, 2009, from: http://www.nysota.org Founders image. (1917). Retrieved November 9, 2009, from: http://www.nysota.orghttp://www.nysota.org Gordon, D. M. (2009). The history of occupational therapy. In E. B. Crepeau, E. S. Cohn, & Gordon, D. M. (2009). The history of occupational therapy. In E. B. Crepeau, E. S. Cohn, & B. A. Boyt Schell (Eds.), Willard & Spackman’s Occupational Therapy (11 th ed.) (pp.202-215). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Peloquin, S.M. (1991). Looking Back--Occupational Therapy Service: Individual and Collective Understandings of the Founders, Part 1. American Journal ofOccupational Therapy, 45, 352-260. Retrieved from http://www1.aota.org/ajot/ abstract.asp?IVol=45&INum=4&ArtID=9&Date=April%201991 Peloquin, S.M. (1991). Looking Back--Occupational Therapy Service: Individual and Collective Understandings of the Founders, Part 1. American Journal ofOccupational Therapy, 45, 352-260. Retrieved from http://www1.aota.org/ajot/ abstract.asp?IVol=45&INum=4&ArtID=9&Date=April%201991 Quiroga, V.A.M. (1995). Occupational therapy: The first 30 years 1900-1930. Maryland: The American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc. Quiroga, V.A.M. (1995). Occupational therapy: The first 30 years 1900-1930. Maryland: The American Occupational Therapy Association, Inc. Reed, K. L., & Sanderson, S. N. (1999). Concepts of occupational therapy (4 th ed.). Reed, K. L., & Sanderson, S. N. (1999). Concepts of occupational therapy (4 th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Ryan, S. E., & Sladyk, K. (Eds.). (2005). Ryan’s occupational therapy assistant: Principles, practice issues, and techniques (4 th ed.). New Jersey: Slack. Ryan, S. E., & Sladyk, K. (Eds.). (2005). Ryan’s occupational therapy assistant: Principles, practice issues, and techniques (4 th ed.). New Jersey: Slack. Stein, F., & Cutler, S. K. (2002). Psychosocial occupational therapy: A holistic approach (2 nd ed.). New York: Delmar Thomson Learning. Stein, F., & Cutler, S. K. (2002). Psychosocial occupational therapy: A holistic approach (2 nd ed.). New York: Delmar Thomson Learning. http://www.nndb.com/people/022/000119662/  image of adolf meyer http://www.nndb.com/people/022/000119662/  image of adolf meyer http://www.nndb.com/people/022/000119662/