1. DISEASE OF POULTRY بیماری های طیور قسمت اول
ارائه از وبلاگ:

2. ANTE MORTEM INSPECTION
At the farm before transportation to the slaughterhouse the poultry flock must be examined by veterinarian.
A certificate must be composed on the results of this inspection and the pre-life of the flock
If the certificate is available – and it is negative – and it does not indicate the necessity of special measures, the ante mortem inspection at the slaughterhouse will include the identification of transported flock and control of injuries took place during transportation, furthermore the examination of dead birds.
Based on these data and examinations the veterinarian decides whether the flock will be submitted to normal or special slaughter or further special examination.

3. Notifiable Diseases Former O.I.E. list A Former O.I. E. list B
Newcastle disease (Paramyxovirus)
Avian influenza (Orthomyxovirus)
Duck plaque (Herpesvirus)
Former O.I. E. list B
Fowl cholera
Fowl typhoid
In case of these diseases the flock is slaughtered separately – mostly at the end of the day- as it is not condemned

4. Diseases of Poultry  Zoonosis
Paratyphoid (Salmonellosis, except typhoid)
Campylobacteriosis
Chlamydiosis
Tuberculosis
/Anthrax/

5. Inspection of the surface
injuries (as consequences of transportation)
inflammation of skin arthritis synovitis (infection of Staphylococcus aureus)
Marek’s disease (skin form)

6. Inspection of visceral organs and the body cavity Bacterial infections
Salmonellosis (Fowl typhoid)
Pasteurellosis (Fowl cholera)
E. coli septicaemia
Staphylococcosis
Streptococcosis

7. Septicaemia
haemorrhages and/or fibrinous inflammation on seromembranes
pleuritis
pericarditis
air sacculitis
liver, spleen conditions:
enlarged
friable (associated with subcapsular haemorrhages)
lungs, intestines, genitals

8. Paratyphoid (Salmonellosis) Zoonosis
S. Enteritidis
S. Typhimurium
S. Infantis
S. Hadar
S. Agona
S. Saint-paul
S. Bovis-morbificans …etc.

9. Gram negative rods with filaments
Sensitivity: 70° C 5 min fresh meat weeks frozen meat - years
Pathology: septicaemia (enlarged spleen, liver, necrotic foci, enteritis (fibrinous inflammation in caecum! - water fowl! )
Total condemned for human consumption!
Slaughterhouse hygenie, household hygenie (contamination!)

10. Fowl typhoid
Salmonella Gallinarum/Pullorum adapted to special host Gram negative rods without any filaments
sensitive to 70°C 5 min in fresh meat for 2-4 month in frozen meat for years in water for 4-6 weeks
Germinative transmission!

11. Pathology: enlarged spleen liver within small necrotic foci
white-grey (necrotic) nodules in myocardium in lungs in intestine
fibrinous inflammation of seromembranes
degenerated follicles on ovary, salpingitis
arthritis

12. Poultry meat is partial condemned for human consumption
only the affected areas are condemned (mostly the parenchymal organs and intestines - in case of arthritis the legs are removed)

13. Small intestine, caecum, liver

14. white-grey necrotic nodules in myocardium (typhoma)

15. Tuberculosis Zoonosis
Mycobacterium avium
Ziehl-Nelsen positive slim rods
Main character: acid- and alcohol-fastness
Sensitivity: (Pasteur)
85°C - 1 sec
72-76°C sec
62-65°C - 30 min

16. Domesticated birds: adult only wild- exotic birds (ZOO), ostrich
Pathology: bad condition grey-yellow nodules of varying sizes in - diff. organs - intestines - bone marrow
Condemned for human consumption

18. Colibacillosis Gram negative rods septicaemia
coligranulomatosis (intestine, mesenterium)
CRD (Chronic Respiratory Disease)
Partial condemned for human consumption

19. Fibrin liver, heart (Mycoplasma, E. coli)

20. Fibrin (heart, intestine)

21. Chronic Respiratory Disease Mycoplasmosis
Mycoplasma gallisepticum
Mycoplasma synoviae
Mycoplasma meleagridis
Mycoplasma iowae
Mycoplasma anseris
Mycoplasma cloacalae
Mycoplasma anatum
Ureaplasmas

22. Pathogenicy varied, mostly facultative pathogen !
In general Mycoplasmas are colonizing mucosal surfaces
They are associated with bacteria and/or viruses (respiratory virus infection, E. coli, Ornithobacterium..)
stress immunsuppression (viral diseases, mycotoxins..)

23. Fowl cholera/Pasteurellosis
Mainly in turkey, water fowl
Pasteurella multocida acute form chronic form
Gram negative coccoid-rods Sensitivity: 60°C 2 min
Pathology: septicaemia arthritis salpingitis fibrinopurulent meningitis fibrinous inflammation of phallus
Septicaemia - condemned Chronic form: partial condemnation (except cachexia)

24. Petechiae in the heart of goose (pasteurellosis, erysipelas, asphyxia)

25. Necrotic foci in the liver goose (pasteurellosis, erysipelas)

26. Erysipelas
Water fowl
Erysipelothrix rhusiopatiae Gram positive rods sensitivity: mild
septicaemia
Diff. diagn.: Pasteurellosis (septicaemia)
Partial condemnation for human consumption

27. Staphylococcosis Staphylococcus aureus Gram positive coccus
Ubiquiter, pathogen if enters through the skin or mucosal membranes
Pathology: septicaemia – young birds arthritis, periarthritis synovitis, osteomyelitis - adult gangrenous dermatitis (wings, legs) in broilers
Condemned or partial condemnation

28. Campylobacteriosis Zoonosis
Campylobacter jejuni C. coli
Microaerophyl, Gram negative, mild sensitivity
It is an intestinal commensal in broiler breeders, layer-type breeders, turkey.
Hepatitis (enteritis) in poultry Enteritis in human Slaughterhouse and household hygiene!

29. Chlamydiosis (Ornithosis) Zoonosis
Chlamydia psittaci
Intracellular
Pigeon, turkeys, ducks, gees, pheasant
Inhaling dust from feces or feather
Slaughterhouse hygenie

30. Anthrax Zoonosis
It occurs rarely in birds where the disease is endemic.
Chicken are highly resistant.
Ducks occasionally show the disease
Ostriches are moderately susceptible, often with high mortality.