1. Thermodynamics Image: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atom_(comics)

2. Energy Super Heroes Projects due September 24 You must work at home on these. There’s not enough class time. This week: 1. Super power 2. Name & origin story 3. List of concepts your hero can demonstrate.

3. Rubric: Super Hero Project Week 1 ObjectiveValue Hero is original25 Super power relevant to our topic25 Hero has a name and identity25 List of concepts your hero can demonstrate (ie, what physics will you be showing?) 25

4. Thermodynamics Thermo = heat Dynamics = motion Thermodynamics = the study of heat in motion

5. First Law of Thermodynamics “The total increase in the thermal energy of a system is the sum of the work done on it and the heat added to it.” The Atom can reduce his size and mass so as to ride air currents (wind or thermal gradients). How does the First Law of Thermodynamics explain this phenomena? Kakalios, J., The Physics of Superheroes, pp. 132-136

6. Work? Jenna, Carl: The product of force and displacement in the direction of the force Nick: Picking up a book is work Alex: Pushing a box across the floor is work

7. Second Law of Thermo “Natural processes tend to go in a direction that increases the total entropy of the universe.” http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/thermo2.html Entropy is a property of a system, like Temperature.

8. Third Law of Thermo “As a system approaches absolute zero, all processes cease and the entropy of the system approaches a minimum value.”

9. Changing State Vocabulary –Melting point –Heat of fusion –Boiling point –Heat of vaporization (definitions on pages 252- 3 in your physics book) Image: http://www.humboldt.edu/~rap1/C107.F05/C107Exams_SG/C107Final_SG.htm

10. Changing State Image: http://www.humboldt.edu/~rap1/C107.F05/C107Exams_SG/C107Final_SG.htm

11. Heat Needed to Melt Stuff Q = mH f Image: http://acephalous.typepad.com/acephalous/comics/

12. Heats of Fusion & Vaporization MaterialHeat of fusion H f (J/kg) Heat of vaporization H v (J/kg) Copper2.05 x 10 5 5.07 x 10 6 Gold6.30 x 10 4 1.64 x 10 6 Mercury1.15 x 10 4 2.72 x 10 5 Methanol1.09 x 10 5 8.78 x 10 5 Water3.34 x 10 5 2.26 x 10 6

13. Scientific Notation Which is bigger? –8.25 x 10 4 –1.13 x 10 5

14. Food for Thought Alcohol evaporates quickly. Why? Iceman (from the XMen) eats a normal diet of about 2500 calories per day, which is about 1.0 x 10 7 J of energy. How much water at 100°C could that much energy vaporize? Image: http://acephalous.typepad.com/acephalous/comics/