1. Highway Deer Identification System Matthew Bonneau Tony DeLouis Nathan Schoening Steve Schreiber May07-11 Team Information: ClientMembersAdvisor October 4, 2015October 4, 2015October 4, 2015 Senior Design Dr. John W. Lamont Prof. Ralph E. Patterson III Dr. Degang Chen

2. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Presentation Outline Introduction Project Overview Project Activities Resources/Schedules Conclusion Demonstration Questions

3. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 List of Definitions Days of Autonomy  The number of days a standalone system runs without power input Geophone  Device that converts seismic vibrations into alternating current IR  Infrared PV  Photovoltaic (solar electric)

4. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Problem Statement Deer Vehicle Collisions  Dangerous  Costly  Potential for mitigation Active Detection and Warning  Sense the presence of deer on/near road  Warns motorists only when hazard exists

5. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Operating Environment Environment  Primarily Rural Highway  -10 to 100°C  0 to 100% Relative Humidity  Precipitation Hazards  Plows  Mowing  Utility/Road Maintenance

6. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Intended Users and Uses Intended Users  Motorists  Installation/Maintenance Personnel Intended Uses  Warn Motorists to Hazard On/Near Roadway

7. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Assumptions and Limitations Assumptions  Deer are not the only hazard  Minimal spurious warnings  Needs to be more cost-effective than best alternative Limitations  Minimal maintenance  Potentially harsh operating environment  Function without electric grid

8. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 End Product and Deliverables Detailed design for geophone-based deer detection system  Component specifications  Circuit diagrams  Wiring diagrams  Design for appropriate photovoltaic system  Prototype of detection/warning circuit

9. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Present Accomplishments Accomplishments:  Designed the photovoltaic system  Designed the detection/warning hardware  Operationally tested the detection/warning hardware  Functionally tested entire system

10. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Approaches Considered Laser-“Break the Beam”  Can’t track deer across road IR Motion  Similar to home security system  Can’t discriminate IR Optical Recognition  Expensive equipment  Required sophisticated processing

11. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Approach Used Geophone-based sensing  Detect vibrations in the ground  Signal conditioning Amplification Filtering  Peak detection  LED Warning signs  Photovoltaic power supply

12. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Project Definition Automated system to warn approaching vehicles that deer are near the highway System to protect one mile of highway Efficient and cost-effective Continue warning until deer have left road area Ignore crossroads and driveways Standalone power supply

13. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Research Existing Systems  What technologies exist?  Which work best? Geophones  Signal strength?  Seismic frequencies?

14. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Research JASON D. WOOD, CAITLIN E. O'CONNELL-RODWELL, SIMON L. KLEMPERER (2005). Using seismic sensors to detect elephants and other large mammals: a potential census technique. Journal of Applied Ecology. 42 (3), 587–594.

15. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Design Photovoltaic System  Provide standalone power Geophones  Detect vibrations  Deer: ≈25 Hz Signal Conditioning  Amplification  Filtering Detection/Warning  Peak detection  Flashing LEDs

16. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Design Photovoltaic System  12VDC Output  3 Days of Autonomy Photovoltaic Panel Charge Controller Battery 85 Watts 12V Deep cycle 75 Amp-hours 15 Amps

17. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Design Signal Conditioning

18. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Design Detection and Warning Signal Conditioning High- Intensity LEDs ComparatorTimer

19. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Implementation 3 dB @ 29 Hz Low-Pass Passive Filter Filtering and Amplification Buffer High-Pass Passive Filter 3 dB @ 0.079 Hz Low-Pass Active Filter 3 dB @ 50 Hz 2-Stage 300x Gain

20. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Implementation Detection and Warning  Considered using microcontroller  Team lacked programming experience  Opted for analog peak detection

21. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Testing Verified:  High-pass filtering  300x amplification  Edge detection  DC Filter  Geophone Issues Revealed:  Lack of selectivity  Range vs. sensitivity

22. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Resources Personnel Efforts Other Resources

23. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Resources Financial Resources

24. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Schedule

25. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Project Evaluation Subsystem  Motorist Warning  Signal Conditioning  Photovoltaic

26. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Project Evaluation

27. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Commercialization Has Potential for Commercialization  Some systems are patented Cost to Consumers  $18,000 per mile Both sides of road 200 geophones 40% margin Excluding installation Questions Remain  Do these systems reduce number/severity of deer- vehicle collisions?  Iowa DOT cut funding of similar system

28. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Recommendations for Additional Work Validation  Does warning drivers reduce accident frequency?  Long-term roadside testing Additional Functionality  Data Logging: Number of deer in given area System activity vs. driver speed  Diagnostics  Microcontroller-based detection

29. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Lessons Learned It’s easy to over-research/analyze and put off making key decisions Check your batteries Take no action unless you know that it will take you closer to your desired outcome

30. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Risk Management Risk  Delay in acquiring geophone  Design detection circuit without having sensor Risk Management  Adjustable gains and thresholds  Kept filter stages flexible

31. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Closing Summary Deer-vehicle collisions  Cause millions of dollars worth of damage  Cause injuries and fatalities Active warning systems  Have potential to reduce costs and injuries  Are technically feasible  Effectiveness is still unknown

32. May07-11 Highway Deer Identification System October 4, 2015 Questions?