1. Lecture 16 &17 Modification of plant nutrient content

5. The Golden Rice Story Vitamin A deficiency is a major health problem Causes blindness Influences severity of diarrhea, measles >100 million children suffer from the problem For many countries, the infrastructure doesn’t exist to deliver vitamin pills Improved vitamin A content in widely consumed crops an attractive alternative

6.  -Carotene Pathway Problem in Plants IPP Geranylgeranyl diphosphate Phytoene Lycopene  -carotene (vitamin A precursor) Phytoene synthase Phytoene desaturase Lycopene-beta-cyclase ξ-carotene desaturase Problem: Rice lacks these enzymes Normal Vitamin A “Deficient” Rice

7. The Golden Rice Solution IPP Geranylgeranyl diphosphate Phytoene Lycopene  -carotene (vitamin A precursor) Phytoene synthase Phytoene desaturase Lycopene-beta-cyclase ξ-carotene desaturase Daffodil gene Single bacterial gene; performs both functions Daffodil gene  -Carotene Pathway Genes Added Vitamin A Pathway is complete and functional Golden Rice