1. The Rise of Nationalism and Its Discontents 1. The population continued to increase malefemaletotalNSWVic.Qld.WATas. 1860 668 000 477 0001 145 000 348 000 538 000 28 000 15 000 90 000 19001 977 0001 788 0003 765 0001 350 0001 200 000490 000180 000172 000

2. Settling the continent (Marjorie Barnard, A History of Australia. London: Angus, 1962. p.272.)

3. 2. Transportation of convicts ended completely 3. British military troops withdrawn, defence handed over to the colonies 4. Exploration and charting continued Burke and Wills (from Melbourne to Gulf of Carpentaria) Stuart (from Adelaide to Port Essington, near Darwin) Forrest (WA) Warburton, Gosse, Giles (WA & Central)

8. 5. Cities grew in size and sophistication 6. Transport and communication further improved railroads, coach services, steam vs. sail shipping (inland, international, coastal), electricity & telegraph 7. “Unlocking the land” conflict between squatters and selectors, the selection acts, fraudulent practices

9. 8. Bushrangers: Ned Kelly

10. 9. Rural development assisted by invention of new machinery, wire fencing, refrigeration 10. New mining ventures gold in WA (Coolgardie, Kalgoorlie), silver in NSW, copper, tin, coal, diamond, oil shale, opal 11. Tariff barriers established to protect home industries tariff campaign in Victoria, free trade in NSW 12. The development of trade unionism (“workers’ paradise”) campaign for the 8-hour day, union radicalism and socialism, the Maritime Strike, the Queensland shearers’ strike, 1892 strike at Broken Hill, “New Australia” (the Paraguay experiment), the Australian Labor Party (ALP)

11. 13. Colonial governments become more democratic women gain vote in SA & WA Widening the franchise, 1856-1908 Vote forVote forSecretPayment adult maleswomenballotof members NSW1858190218581889 Victoria1857190818561870 South Australia1856189418561887 Tasmania1900190318581890 Queensland1872190518591886 Western Australia1893189918771900

12. 14. “Free, compulsory and secular” education for all children 15. Nationalism literary nationalism romanticizing the bush and mateship, art, sport, and military service the Bulletin School of writers (Henry Lawson, “Banjo” Paterson, Joseph Furphy) the Heidelberg School of painters (Tom Roberts, Frederick McCubbin, Arthur Streeton, Charles Conder) 16. Discontents: Racism and Discrimination

13. Bulletin, 9 June 1883.

14. The Sunrise. Souvenir of Labour Fair, Melbourne, 1912.