1. Introduction to INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE

2. What is Industrial Hygiene?
The science of Anticipating, Identifying, Evaluating, and Controlling Environment Hazards in the Workplace.
The science of protecting the worker through the control of the work environment.

3. Things to Consider Health issues rather than just Safety.
Industrial Hygienists look at;
Health issues rather than just Safety.
Illnesses rather than Injuries.

4. COST What is the cost of illnesses to Industry?
In 1990 the average cost of an Illness was
$27,386.
Skin Disorders, averaged $3,368.
Pneumoconiosis, averaged $77,467.

5. HAZARDS
In Industrial Hygiene we want to be concerned with 4 Types of Hazards.
What are they?

6. CHEMICAL
The FIRST group and the one that comes to mind for most people is Chemical Hazards.
EXAMPLES INCLUDE:
Paints/Solvents
Welding Fumes
Wood Dust
Carbon Monoxide
Exhaust Fumes

7. Chemical Effects Local Systemic
Damage to the part of the body that comes in contact with the substance.
Systemic
Chemical is absorbed by the body and attacks a target organ.
Instructor: again, a good slide to ask the audience to list an example of each.
Examples of local effects- burns, poison ivy rash
Examples of systemic effects - lead poisoning - lead absorbed by the bones and effects the central nervous system. Many solvents such as trichloroethylene effect the central nervous system.

8. PHYSICAL The SECOND group is Physical Hazards. Examples Include: Noise
Extreme Heat
Extreme Cold
Light

9. BIOLOGICAL The THIRD group is Biological Hazards. Examples Include:
Infectious Blood/Body Fluids
Bird Droppings
Mold & Mildew
Tuberculosis/Hepatitis
Hypersensitivity Pnuemonitis

10. RADIATION The FOURTH group is Radiation Hazards. Examples Include:
Ultra-Violet (UV) Light
Infra-Red (IR) Radiation
Microwaves
Radar
Lasers
X-Rays

11. ROUTES of ENTRY
Inhalation
Ingestion
Skin Absorption
Injection

12. Acute vs. Chronic
Many illnesses are not obvious because they take so long to Develop (latency period).
DISEASE YEAR TO DIAGNOSIS
Asbestosis Usually Years
Silicosis Usually After Years
of exposure
Black Lung Usually after 10 Years

13. PLAN of ACTION
What do you want to do as far as dealing with these hazards? The first thing is to Develop a Plan.
Recognize the Hazard
Evaluate the Hazard
Control the Hazard

14. How can you find the Potential Health Hazards in your Facility?
RECOGNITION
How can you find the Potential Health Hazards in your Facility?
* Walk-Through Survey * Ask Employees
* Check The Inventory * Inquire With Assoc.
* Inquire with Unions * NIOSH
* OSHA * Safety & Health Organizations
Many Organizations Publish valuable information like trade assoc., unions, NIOSH, OSHA and others.

15. EVALUATION
Once you have identified the hazards, how do you evaluate them?
Is the exposure necessary?
If not, eliminate it.
If the exposure can’t be avoided, measure it for comparison with published standards or background levels.

16. Evaluating Risk Factors
Frequency (how often)
Intensity (how much)
Duration (how long)
Individual Sensitivity
Toxicity of the Chemical

17. Keep in Mind…...
“What is it that is not poison? All things are poison and nothing is without poison. It is the dose only that makes a thing not a poison.”

18. Funny cartoon which illustrates an acute exposure to alcohol - a large quantity in a short period of time. Remember from our last slide that alcohol consumption can also result in a chronic exposure.

19. To Evaluate, We Must Measure
Units of Measurement
Parts per Million (ppm)
Milligrams per Cubic Meter (mg/M3)
Fibers per Cubic Centimeter (f/cc)

20. Organizations OSHA NIOSH ACGIH AIHA
Occupational Safety and Health Administration
NIOSH
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
ACGIH
American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists
AIHA
American Industrial Hygiene Association

21. Exposure Limits OSHA - Permissible Exposure Limit
ACGIH - Threshold Limit Value
NIOSH - Recommended Exposure Limit
AIHA - Workplace Environmental Exposure Limit

22. Threshold Limit Value
TLV - Airborne concentrations to which nearly all workers may be routinely exposed without adverse health effects.
TWA - Time Weighted Average. Based on an 8 hour exposure and assumes a 40 hour work week.
STEL - Short Term Exposure Limit (4/15/60)
C - Ceiling Limit (should never be exceeded)
IDLH - Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health
Skin - Capable of cutaneous skin absorption

23. CONTROLLING HAZARDS
The final step is controlling the potentially hazardous exposure.
Engineering Controls
Administrative Controls
Personal Protective Equipment