1. L a n d e s u m w e l t a m t N o r d r h e i n – W e s t f a l e n Autorenname, Fachbereich Sabine Wurzler High population density and heavy industry: the challenge for air quality management in NRW

2. Requirements of the first daughter directive Monitoring at background and hotspot locations If limit value plus margin of tolerance exceeded Clean air plans Source apportionment by modeling and measurements Prognosis of air quality for 2005 (PM10) and 2010 (NO 2 ) Baseline Scenario With measures Measures effective?

3. 3 clean air plans (basis 2002): Duisburg (PM10), Düsseldorf, and Hagen (NO 2 ) NRW The Nether- lands Belgium

4. PM10 annual averages in NRW 2002 (measurements) Regional background: 25 µg/m 3 Total background at Duisburg: 27 µg/m 3

5. Annual PM10 emissions in the northern part of Duisburg [t/yr] Emission inventory 2000 Clean air plan Duisburg

6. Northern part of Duisburg: measurement site Residential areas Steel mill Sinter plants Blast furnaces Coking plant Ore winning

7. Northern part of Duisburg: PM10 exceedances in 2002

8. Northern Part of Duisburg: Cause analysis: PM10 2002 Regional back- ground 51% Shipping traffic 3% Offroad and rail traffic < 1% Industry 39% Heating < 1% Road traffic 6%

9. Northern part of Duisburg: PM10 source apportionment by measurements (wind and concentration data) 1 3 2 South 180° Southern industry 155°-205° Old coking plant, southern blast furnaces (Thyssen) 215°- 355° Measurement site North 0° Steel mill, sinter plants, northern blast furnaces (Thyssen) 355°- 35°

10. PM10: Modelled Annual Average over Central Europe Baseline Szenario 20022005 EURAD-Model, Resolution 25 x 25 km 2 (www.eurad.uni-koeln.de) PM10 (µg/m 3 )

11. Northern part of Duisburg: prognosis of PM10 load *Measures: closedown of old coking plant, modernisation of blast furnaces and other steel mill parts

12. Conclusions PM10: High regional background concentrations (> 50%, 25 µg/m 3 ) Episode days The PM10 exceedances are industry and background induced. Local efforts and measures will help but wont solve the problem A combination of Europe-wide and local measures is called for Workday Worksday > 50 µg/m 3 Saturday Sunday Ideal Sunday PM10 (µg/m 3 ) Quass, Kuhlbusch, Koch 2004

13. NO 2 annual average in NRW in 2002 (measurements) Regional background: 20 µg/m 3 Urban background at Düsseldorf: 30 µg/m 3

14. Düsseldorf Cornelius- Street, measurement site

15. Düsseldorf Cornelius-Street: NO 2 exceedances in 2002

16. Düsseldorf Cornelius-Street: Source apportionment: NO 2 in 2002 2002 Regional back- ground 36% Shipping traffic 5% Offroad and rail traffic < 1% Industry 1% Heating 3% Road traffic 53%

17. Düsseldorf Cornelius-Street: Baseline szenario: NO 2 in 2010 Traffic 56% Regional background 31% Urban contribution 13%

18. Düsseldorf Cornelius-Street: Measures for NO 2 reduction in 2010 Reduction of heavy duty vehicles, low emission busses, less stop and go. Contribution to traffic Contribution to NOx emission (baseline szenario 2010) 94,3% 53% 3,6% 1,4% Cars and motorcycles Light duty vehicles Busses Heavy duty vehicles 0,8% 5% 21%

19. Conclusions NO 2 : High total background concentrations (> 50%, 20 µg/m 3 ) The NO 2 exceedances are traffic induced. More home made than PM10 Local efforts and measures can solve part of the problem A combination of Europe-wide and local efforts would still be an asset

20. Acknowledgements Thank you very much for your attention and for the invitation to the workshop! I thank all my colleagues from LUA RIU EURAD IUTA who contributed to this talk!

21. Open questions PM10 exceedances measured in 2003: Clean air plans? Action plans? Action plans: Proceeding? Similar to clean air plans? In NRW up to 10 action plans may come up in 2005.

22. Northern part of Duisburg: time evolution of PM10 load Partial closedown of a coking plant: Reduktion of particle load

23. Northern part of Duisburg: cause analysis: PM10 2005 Regional back- ground 54% Industry 43% Urban contribution 3%

24. NO 2 : Modelled Annual Average over Central Europe Baseline Szenario 20022010 EURAD-Model, Resolution 25 x 25 km 2 NO 2 (µg/m 3 )