3. What was Germany called after the war? The Weimar Republic

4. Explain why it got this new name? [2] WEIMAR – Because Germany’s capital (Berlin) was too unsafe to meet in, so they met in Weimar instead. REPUBLIC – Because it now had an elected leader (a President) instead of a King or KAISER. The Kaiser had run off to Holland at the end of the war!

5. What did many Germans believe their leaders had done to them by ending the war? STABBED THEM IN THE BACK!!

7. When was this treaty signed? July 1919

8. What’s a good way of remembering the key terms of the treaty? L A M B LAND ARMY MONEY BLAME

9. In terms of land, list two of the key terms. Germany lost 13% of its land (and about 6 million people who lived there). Germany was split in two to give Poland access to the sea (the Polish Corridor).

10. What size of army was Germany allowed? 100,000 soldiers

11. Who did the treaty blame for starting the war? Germany

12. What was the name of the massive fines Germany had to pay as a result? REPARATIONS

13. How much did Germany have to pay in total? £6,600 million!!

14. Why did Germany have no choice but to accept the treaty? She would be invaded if she didn’t accept the terms.

16. Who were the Freikorps? Soldiers who had fought in the First World War, who now joined together. They hated the new democratic Weimar Republic – they saw democracy as weak. BUT THEY HATED COMMUNISM MORE!

17. Were they left-wing or right-wing? RIGHT-WING!!! [They hated democracy, and wanted the strong leadership of the Kaiser back]

18. Which group tried to take power in 1919? Were they extreme left-wing or extreme right-wing? SPARTACISTS They were a LEFT-WING, COMMUNIST group.

19. Which group stopped them? Were they extreme left-wing or extreme right-wing? THE FREIKORPS!!! They were RIGHT- WING [They hated democracy, and wanted the strong leadership of the Kaiser back]

20. Which group tried to take power in the 1920 Kapp Putsch? THE FREIKORPS!!! They thought that the Weimar Republic was so weak that it would be easy to take over. Led by Dr Kapp.

21. How was the Kapp Putsch by the Freikorps stopped? A strike by Berlin’s workers.

23. 1923 – YEAR OF CRISIS! Why did the French invade the Ruhr in 1923? Because Germany had not paid any reparations in 1922, and under the terms of Versailles France was allowed to invade and help herself to what she wanted from Germany.

24. 1923 – YEAR OF CRISIS! How did the Germans react to the French invasion? PASSIVE RESISTANCE The Germans couldn’t fight the French – small army and too weak after the war, so they everyone in the Ruhr went on strike instead = Passive Resistance.

25. 1923 – YEAR OF CRISIS! What economic problem did Passive Resistance lead to? 1923!!! - HYPERINFLATION!!! – 1923!!! The German government had told all its workers to stop working, but it still had to pay them! It did this by printing loads of money, but this meant that money lost all its value!!

26. 1923 – YEAR OF CRISIS! Give examples of how Hyperinflation made life difficult for Germans. Money lost all its value – at one stage an egg cost 80 million marks. People had to carry money around in wheelbarrows. By the time you got to the front of a queue the price of what you were buying had doubled.

27. 1923 – YEAROF CRISIS! Give two groups of people who really suffered from Hyperinflation? 1) Pensioners – they were on a fixed income. There was no way this could keep up with the crazy prices. 2) People with savings in the bank. Their savings had lost all their value.

28. 1923 – YEAR OF CRISIS! Which man solved Hyperinflation, and how did he do it? [2 key measures] STRESEMANN 1)Ended Passive Resistance 2)Introduced a new currency – the Rentenmark

29. 1923 – YEAR OF CRISIS! Why was ending Passive Resistance so unpopular with right-wing extremists like the Nazis? It was like “giving in” to the French. It was as if Stresemann was saying the Treaty of Versailles was fair, and that Germany should be paying reparations.

30. 1923 – YEAR OF CRISIS! What did the Nazis do at the end of 1923 which showed how angry they were? The Munich Putsch Hitler and the Nazis tried to start a national revolution in Munich. It failed.

31. 1923 - YEAR OF CRISIS! Why did the Munich Putsch fail? Hitler had assumed the army and police would support him and join in. They did not.

32. 1923- YEAR OF CRISIS! What important lesson did Hitler learn from the failure of the Munich Putsch? That he would have to take power legally, and GET VOTED IN TO POWER. He had tried a violent revolution and it had failed.

33. 1923 – YEAR OF CRISIS! What is the correct order of the following 5 events of 1923? Ending of Passive Resistance Hyperinflation Munich Putsch Invasion of the Ruhr Passive Resistance

34. 1923 – YEAR OF CRISIS! Correct order of events: 1) Invasion of the Ruhr 2) Passive Resistance 3) Hyperinflation 4) Ending of Passive Resistance 5) Munich Putsch

36. Name the job that Stresemann did in the German government. Chancellor

37. What two things did Stresemann do to end the crisis of hyperinflation? Introduce a new currency – the RENTENMARK Called off passive resistance

38. 43) What happened in 1924 that showed that he was helping? How did it help Germany? The DAWES PLAN gave Germany longer to pay the Allies and the US lent them 800 million marks! It helped Germany because they could then improve housing, hospitals, schools and roads

39. What was decided at the Locarno Pact of 1925? Germany, France, Belgium & Italy agreed not to invade one another

40. Which organisation was Germany allowed to join in 1926? The LEAGUE OF NATIONS!

41. Why was Stresemann unpopular with right-wing extremists? They thought he was weak because he:  had “given in” to the French over the Ruhr crisis  he had agreed to fulfil the terms of Versailles

42. What happened in 1929 which helped Germany? The YOUNG PLAN lowered the reparations that Germany had to pay

43. Which event in 1929 brought the Golden Years to an end? The Wall Street Crash

45. Did Hitler take power by force? NO NO NO!!!

46. What lesson had the failure of the Munich Putsch taught Hitler? To take power legally!

47. Which event in 1929 played a key role in helping Hitler come to power? The Wall Street Crash

48. As one thing in Germany got worse and worse, more and more people voted for the Nazis. What was that thing and how big was the problem by 1932? Unemployment 6 million unemployed by 1932!!!

49. The Nazis twisted the truth and told lies to win people’s support. What’s the word for this? Propaganda!

50. Give an example of a key Nazi slogan used in the elections. “Hitler – our last hope!”

51. Why did the fact that the Communists were getting stronger actually help the Nazis? Because many people really FEARED that the Communists would take over the country. So they turned to the Nazis instead!

52. Who was the President of Germany both before & after Hitler came to power? HINDENBURG!

53. What were the names of the 3 chancellors who failed to solve the problems of the Great Depression? 1)Bruning 2)Papen 3)Schleicher

54. What percentage voted for Nazis in 1928? 2% (the year before the Wall Street Crash!)

55. What percentage voted for Nazis in 1932? 37% !!! (After the Wall Street Crash – by 1932 6 million people were unemployed.)

56. Why did Hindenburg have no choice but to ask Hitler to become Chancellor? 3 Chancellors had come and gone in three years (B,P,S) and all failed– Hindenburg chose Hitler because he was the most popular figure …

57. When did Hitler become Chancellor? 30th January 1933

58. 1923 KEY ECONOMIC PROBLEM = ? HYPERINFLATION

59. 1924 – MASSIVE FINANACIAL BOOST = ? DAWES PLAN

60. 1929 – AMERICA’S ECONOMY COLLAPSES = ? Wall Street Crash

61. 1929-32 – KEY ECONOMIC PROBLEM IN GERMANY = ? UNEMPLOYMENT !!! 6 million in 1932

63. What kind of leader did Hitler plan to be? Dictator!

64. Was Hitler President or Chancellor? Who was the only man in Germany more powerful than him? Hitler = Chancellor Hindenburg = President, i.e. more powerful than Hitler!

65. What happened in February 1933? The Reichstag Fire!

66. Which party was banned as a result? Communist Party was banned

67. What was the Enabling Law? This law gave Hitler the power to pass laws without going through the Reichstag (parliament) or the President. This would place all power in his hands!

68. What happened to all of Germany’s trade unions in May 1933? Trade Unions were banned and union leaders were arrested.

69. Which Nazi-controlled organisation replaced trade unions? The German Labour Front (DAF)

70. What else was banned in 1933? All political parties!

71. Who was the leader of the SA/Brownshirts? Rohm

72. What was the event when all the leaders of the SA were murdered, and in which year did it happen? The Night of the Long Knives! 1934

73. What did Hitler do when Hindenburg died in 1934, and what title beginning with “F” did he give himself? Hitler made himself President as well as Chancellor He called himself the Fuhrer (supreme leader)

74. How did the army now show their loyalty to Hitler? The army took an oath of personal loyalty to Hitler. Hitler was now Supreme Commander of the Armed Forces.

75. What was the name of Hitler’s personal protection squad that was about to get much more powerful? The SS (Schutzstaffel)

77. Give another name for the SS. Blackshirts

78. Who was its leader? Himmler

79. Name one of their key roles in Nazi Germany. Sent lots of people the Nazis didn’t like to concentration camps

80. List 3 groups of people who were sent to concentration camps. Jewish people The mentally ill or disabled Homosexuals

81. What was the name of the secret state police? Gestapo

82. In what situation could they arrest people? Arrest people without trial

83. Why did the opponents of the Nazis never get a fair trial? Because the judges were Nazi!

84. Which other group of people did the Nazis use to spy on people? Informers

86. Who was in charge of propaganda for the Nazis? Goebbels

87. What is the word for the way in which the Nazis controlled everything the newspapers could and couldn’t say? Censorship

88. Where did the Nazis hold their main annual rally Nuremberg

89. What kind of messages were they trying to send out at these massive rallies? That the Nazis were all-powerful, in control and they were going to make the future of Germany great again. They wanted to demonstrate that they could bring ORDER out of chaos!

90. Which piece of new technology did the Nazis exploit to spread their message into most German homes? Radio

91. By 1939 what proportion of Germans owned this new technology? 70%

92. Give an example of a specific Nazi propaganda film. “The Eternal Jew”

93. Give one example of History being written by the Nazis. That Jews were to blame for losing Germany WWI

94. Which type of music did the Nazis ban and why? [2] Jazz, because it was “black people’s music”

96. What was Germany’s key economic problem in 1933? Unemployment!

97. Name two things the Nazis did to solve this. 1)Huge building programme – autobahns, schools, hospitals, houses… 2) Removed Jews & women from the unemployment register

98. How successful were their policies, i.e. how many unemployed were there by 1939? None, the Nazis had “solved” unemployment

99. What is the word for forcing all young men aged 18-25 to join the army? Conscription!

100. Which Treaty banned this? Treaty of Versailles!!

101. What was the aim of the Office of the Four Year Plan? To make Germany ready for war within 4 YEARS

102. Who was in charge of it? Goering

103. One of his aims was to make Germany self-sufficient. What does this mean? Making Germany non-reliant on imports

104. What question did he famously ask the German people? “Would you rather have guns or butter?”

106. What is another term for “persecution of the Jews?” Holocaust

107. Even before the Nazis came to power they were blaming the Jews for Germany’s problems. Name one of the problems the Nazis blamed them for. The humiliating Treaty of Versailles

108. Which anti-Jewish event did the Nazis organise in 1933? Burning of Jewish books

109. What was the name of the anti- Jewish laws introduced in 1935? Nuremberg Laws "I am the greatest pig in town - I have affairs with Jews only."

110. Name two rights which these laws of 1935 took away from Jews. 1.Jews and Aryans could not marry or have sexual intercourse 2. Jews were deprived of their German citizenship (they did not have “German blood”)

111. What happened on the “Night of Broken Glass,” and when did it take place? Jewish homes, shops and businesses were attacked and destroyed, leaving the streets covered in smashed windows. Afterwards lots of Jews were taken to Concentration camps. NOVEMBER 1938

112. What was the so-called “Final Solution,” and when did the Nazis decide on it? Final Solution = the decision to exterminate the Jewish race 1942

114. The Nazis tried to brainwash young people into supporting them – what is another word for brainwashing? Indoctrination

115. What was the name of the Nazi Youth organisation? Hitler Youth

116. In which year was membership made compulsory, i.e. were all young people forced to join this? 1935

117. List two different activities boys did in the Hitler Youth, and explain why they did them. [2] 1.Jump out of a first floor window wearing full combat gear. This would train them for the dangerous activities in the army 2.Listen to Nazi ideas. This would help them to become indoctrinated with Nazi ideals.

118. What was the equivalent of the Hitler Youth for girls? League of German Maidens

119. List two different activities girls did in this organisation, and explain why they did them. [2] Learn how to cook. This would help them to become good Aryan housewives to their husbands. Encouraged to have babies. This would help them produce a new generation of Aryans that Hitler could put in his army.

120. Schools were also important to the Nazis. What did teachers have to do if they wanted to carry on teaching? Teachers had to agree to teach the Nazi ideas otherwise they were sacked

121. Give an example of how lessons changed under the Nazis. In Biology students were taught the ideas of Nazi racial policy. For example, the idea of Aryan superiority.

122. Name two groups of young people that opposed the Nazis. 1.The White Rose 2.The Edelweiss Pirates

124. Which 3 Ks sum up Nazi policies towards women, and what do they mean in English? [2] Kinder, Kirche, Kuche Children, Church, Cooking

125. Which of all the above was a woman’s most important job according to the Nazis? Having lots of healthy Aryan children

126. Why were boys needed in particular by Germany? To become a new generation of soldiers for Hitler’s army

127. Name one scheme the government introduced to encourage more marriages. Marriage loans. The more children they had, the less they had to pay back

128. Explain how the medal system worked for mothers. Medals were awarded for having children. Gold for eight, silver for six, bronze for four.

129. What were Mothers’ Schools? Places where women were trained how to be a good Nazi mother.

130. What did the Nazis tell childless couples to do? They were encouraged to divorce

131. What happened to women doctors, civil servants and teachers in Nazi Germany? They were sacked and replaced by men

132. How were women supposed to look in Nazi Germany? They had to wear simple clothes. No trousers, dyed hair or high heels were allowed. Make up was frowned upon. They needed to be strong and solid to have lots of children.

134. What had the Nazis banned in 1933 to make sure there was very little opposition? [2] 1.Other political parties 2.Trade Unions

135. Where were people sent if they criticised the Nazis? Concentration Camps

136. What proportion of Communist party members were arrested by the Nazis? Two thirds

137. What was the name of the Nazi Church that was set up? Reich Church

138. What event in 1938 did the Church not criticise? Kristallnacht The Night of Broken Glass

139. Name one famous priest who did have the courage to speak out against the Nazis Dietrich Bonhoffer

140. Which event in 1934 meant that the army was very grateful to Hitler? The Night of the Long knives. This was when Hitler eliminated opposition from the SA.

141. In which year was there a famous army bomb plot to murder Hitler? 1944 (July)

142. Why was opposition from young people so worrying to the Nazis? Because they were the most important generation to Hitler. He wanted them to continue his Reich by being soldiers and mothers.

143. What was the full name of this opposition group – ‘the ________ Pirates’? Edelweiss

144. What kind of things did they do to oppose the Nazis? [2] Avoided Hitler Youth meetings and had fun. They listened to American music and wore fashionable clothes

145. What did one group of them do in Cologne in 1944? Killed a Hitler Youth leader. (They were hanged in revenge.)

146. What was the name of the student opposition group in Munich? The White Rose (They spread anti-Nazi messages through leaflets, posters and graffiti.)

148. Question 1 (4marks) A source question: “What can you learn about…….” – Give 2 inferences from the sources

149. Question 2 (9marks) Choose one of the boxes and explain why it was important connected to the question Make sure you link your box to what the question is asking you Go into depth and make 3-4 points Write about at least 1 page

150. Question 3 or Question 4 (12marks) You must choose to answer either Q3 or Q4 Some examples of these explain questions are; – Why were the Nazis able to do something – In what ways did the Nazis do something – Why did something change YOU MUST use the box. Explain EACH point and then try and add you own points. Write at least 1 and a half to 2 pages

151. Question 5 or Question 6 (9 & 16 marks) You must choose to answer either Q5 or Q6 The question has two parts; Part A worth 9 marks & Part B worth 16 You must then answer both parts of the question you choose. So if you choose Q5 you will answer Q5 Part A & Part B When you make your choice you must consider Part B as it has 16 marks

152. Question 5 or Question 6 Part A – 9 marks This is a describe question. It may start with; ‘desribe this...’ It may also start with; ‘in what ways did...’ You may be asked to describe the affects of something, the role someone had or how something was carried out. Make 3-4 points Write at least 1 page

153. Question 5 or Question 6 Part B – 16 marks This will always be a statement You must say why you agree & disagree Then come to a conclusion You must use the box. Explain each point and then add you own points too. Stay focused on the question. Every paragraph must link to the question

154. And finally! Show off! The exam board does not want to trip you up, it is an opportunity to show off your knowledge and your skills. Remember timing! You can do the 16 mark questions first. Watch the clock and remember a mark a minute. Have the eye of the tiger! Be confident, the A*-C grade is yours for the taking. Go get it! Don’t get forget Breakfast from 8.00am