2. HA/DR Preparedness/Response Observations
How Prepared Do We Need to Be – (Not if – but when)
Scenarios – Most likely, moderate
Measures Capacity & Capability
Test Preparedness
Promotes Understanding: when an event will exceed capabilities
How prepared are we
To Coordinate – To Communicate – To C2
Roles – Responsibilities
Within – Between Levels of Government
Public – Private - Community Response – Recovery and Revitalization 2

3. HA/DR Preparedness/Response Observations
How prepared are we
Coordinate With External Support:
UN – NGO – International
Communicate:
Focus (Now-Where are we?)
Requirements (Next-Where are we going?)
Template of Response & Recovery efforts
Method to guide Recovery Redevelopment sequencing
Results: Protracted Recovery - Limited Revitalization
Not just what you do but how you do it 3

4. Show up early or don’t bother coming
Need for Assistance
Emergency Relief Phase
Transition
Point
Recovery / Development
Foreign military assistance to a disaster response is very limited in scope & time.
Foreign militaries assist when the disaster exceeds the capacity of the Affected State and international civilian relief community to respond.
Foreign militaries assist only during the acute emergency phase of operations when immediate life-saving needs are critical.
Foreign militaries should transition out once the Affected State and civilian agencies have the resources to assume the operations.
Given the short operating time, military assistance must arrive early in the response, during the critical acute phase of operations, to be value-added.
US triggers for foreign disaster response and humanitarian assistance:
US Ambassador or Chargé d' Affairs determines that the disaster exceeds the Affected State’s ability to respond;
Affected State requests or agrees to accept foreign military assistance; and
It is determined to be in the U.S. interest to respond.
Importance of this discussed later on in the presentation.
Determinative factor for intervention:
Real world – CNN factor: Regrettably, when news coverage raises public & political outcry for assistance, pressuring US government into a response.
Outcome:
Decision to respond a political and not military decision; however
JTF Commander and Staff need to be forward-leaning in preparing for response – ready to roll when the phone call comes.
Fast response has positive benefits:
Maximizes potential for military assets to be value added in the critical phase, saving lives and reducing suffering; and
Builds trust and friendship amongst people and nations, ex.: Tsunami response to Indonesia.
A slow response fails to deliver the necessary assets when they are most needed.
International Military and
Civil Defence Relief
International Civilian Relief
UN OCHA, Modified
Local / National Response
Disaster 4

5. Know the HA/DR framework
Affected State
UN County Team
NGO
Military Forces
Disaster Strikes
NGO
In reality, situation very confusing, especially in the early stages of a response.
Numerous agencies pour into the Affected State to assist.
Agencies focusing on setting up their respective response operations.
Stove-piping of information likely.
Appear as if no one coordinating response.
Efforts to direct and control the international response by the JTF Commander and Staff will meet stiff and very vocal opposition from other response agencies.
JTF Commander and Staff do not direct or control civilian agencies.
Donor
Nat’l NGOs
NGO
Nat’l Red Cross/
Red Crescent
“Fog of Relief”
Donor
Donor
Donor
NGO
NGO
Affected State
Agencies
NGO
NGO
NGO
NGO
NGOs 5

6. Disaster Response: Coordination Mechanisms
Government
Response
State/
Province
Government Coordination Mechanism
Private/
Public
Do No Harm
Messages & Outcomes
Roles & Responsibilities
Community/
Village
Early Recovery
Emergency Shelter
International Military/
Bilateral
Camp Coordination & Management
Emergency Telecommunications
International/
Regional
Clusters
Coordination
Water, Sanitation and Hygiene
Health
Int’l / Regional Coordination Mechanism
Protection
Logistics
Nutrition
UN/NGOs 6

7. Know the HA/DR Framework
Coordination Guidelines & Mechanisms:
International:
Oslo Guidelines
New Humanitarian Architecture (Cluster Approach)
Regional:
APC MADRO
ARF Strategic Guidance for HA/DR
ASEAN Agreement on Disaster Management and Emergency Response (AADMER)
MNF-SOP (Multi-National Forces)
National:
Int’l Disaster Response Laws (IDRL) - Int’l Federation of the Red Cross (IFRC)
Regional Actors involved in Initiatives (Asia-Pacific):
ASEAN
SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation)
PIF (Pacific Islands Forum) / SOPAC (Pacific Islands Applied Geoscience Commission)
ARF Strategic Guidance for Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief
Operational procedures
Aims to provide high-level guidance for military-military and civil-military cooperation in preparing and undertaking HADR activities. They acknowledge the primacy of sovereignty, and are non-binding. They focus on emergency response activity and are not intended to apply to rehabilitation and reconstruction.
For strategic and operational planners – mostly strategic.
Intended to be complementary with other national and intl HADR documents, guidelines and procedures, such as draft ASEAN SASOP, MNF-SOP.
AADMER –
AADMER is a regional legally-binding agreement that binds ASEAN Member States together to promote regional cooperation and collaboration in reducing disaster losses and intensifying joint emergency response to disasters in the ASEAN region. AADMER is also ASEAN's affirmation of its commitment to the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA).
ARF Voluntary Model Arrangements for Use of Foreign Military and Civil Defense Assets (MCDA) in Disaster Relief 7

8. Linking in International HA/DR Response
Enduring
Interests
Crisis
Assessment
Identify
Disaster Region
National
Strategy
What Happened?
Gap Analysis
Understand that JTF response operations have an impact of national strategy.
Too easy to focus on the immediate problems at hand.
Need to understand that how the JTF conducts and is perceived to conduct its operations will have an impact on national strategy:
Successful coordination with civilian responders helps build mutual understanding and trust:
Understanding and trust lays the foundation for partnerships:
Partnering with civilian response agencies helps create an efficient and effective response, &
A successful mission.
A successful and timely operation:
Helps build and strengthen relations between nations;
Helps defeat those who would use the disaster for advancing their own selfish goals; and
Helps lay the foundation for a society to become resilient to disasters through development.
A resilient society with a responsive government:
Is more likely to cooperate with others in the region as a member of the Community of Nations; and
As a member of the Community of Nations, helps create stability in the region.
A JTF Commander and Staff need to know how the two are connected and what impact their operations will have on national society.
National Response
Affected Region
Infrastructure
Population
Stability
- Political Economic
- Social Security
How Resilient Are They?
Policy Limitations
Capability
Capacity
Activities
Messages
Outcomes
Outcomes
Outcomes
Long Term Development Effort 8 8

9. Planning Coordination
Status of Forces
Agreement?
Contracting?
With whom
are
we working?
When should
we respond?
What is required
for landing
rights?
Speed of response important, but:
Before jumping in, the JTF Commander and Staff need to consider & understand:
Why are we responding?;
What has already happened?;
What is our mission?;
With whom will we be working?;
What is the existing response framework?;
When will we have completed our mission?: and
How can we be value-added to the response?
Avoid Ready – Fire – Aim!
What are the
customs
requirements?
What are the fuel
arrangements
and needs?
What are the
considerations
regarding
weapons?
What fees are
Involved?
When should we
transition? 9 9

10. Regional & Trans-Regional Fora
ARF
Asia-Pacific Economic Community
ASEM
European
Union
APEC
Russian Federation
Canada
United States
Mexico
Peru
Chile
Taipei, China
Hong Kong, China
EAS
Australia
New Zealand
India
Association of South East Asian Nations
ASEAN Regional Forum
ASEAN +3
Japan
Republic
of Korea
People’s Republic
of China
Asia-Europe Meeting
Indonesia
ASEAN
Burma
Lao PDR
Cambodia
Philippines
Thailand
Malaysia
Singapore
Brunei Darussalam
Viet Nam
East Asian Summit
PIF
Vanuatu
Fiji Is
Cook Is
Tonga
Tuvalu
Nauru
Marshall Is
FSM
Palau
Solomon Is
Samoa
Niue
Kiribati
Papua New Guinea
Azerbaijan
CAREC
Mongolia
Kazakhstan
Uzbekistan
Kyrgyz Republic
Tajikistan
Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) was established on 8 August 1967 in Bangkok by the five original Member Countries: Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand.  Brunei Darussalam joined on 8 January 1984, Vietnam on 28 July 1995, Lao PDR and Burma on 23 July 1997, and Cambodia on 30 April ASEAN holds annual Head of State/Government-level Summits towards the end of each year. In 2003, the ASEAN Leaders resolved that an ASEAN Community be established comprising three pillars: ASEAN Security Community, ASEAN Economic Community and ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community.
The East Asia Summit (EAS) is a regional Leaders’ forum for strategic dialogue and action on key challenges facing the East Asian region. The EAS is a significant regional grouping with an important role to play in advancing closer regional integration and cooperation, at a time of particular dynamism in East Asia. Australia participated, as a founding member, in the inaugural EAS held in Kuala Lumpur on 14 December 2005.
The Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) (known until 27 October 2000 as the South Pacific Forum) is the key regional political organisation in the Pacific. It brings together at an annual meeting the 16 Heads of Government of the independent and self-governing States of the Pacific Islands region.
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) was established in 1989 and is the premier forum for facilitating economic growth, cooperation, trade and investment in the Asia-Pacific region.  APEC operates on the basis of non-binding commitments and open dialogue.  Decisions made within APEC are reached by consensus and commitments are undertaken on a voluntary basis. APEC Economic Leaders (principally Head of State/Government-level) Meetings are held once a year in the APEC host economy. Declarations from these meetings set the policy agenda for APEC.
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is an economic and political organization of eight countries in Southern Asia.
The Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation (CAREC) Program was initiated in CAREC’s goal is to improve living standards and to reduce poverty in CAREC countries through more efficient and effective regional economic cooperation.
The Asia-Europe Meeting (ASEM) has been the main multilateral channel for communication between Asia and Europe, strengthening interaction and mutual understanding between the two regions through dialogue. Apart from the biennial Summits (Head of State/Government-level), the ASEM process features ministerial and senior official meetings in an increasing number of fields, reflecting the expanding opportunities of dialogue and cooperation between the two regions.
The ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) is the principal forum for security dialogue in Asia, complementing the various bilateral alliances and dialogues. It provides a setting in which members can discuss current regional security issues and develop cooperative measures to enhance peace and security in the region. ARF meetings are held at Foreign Minister level, annually in July/August
SAARC
Pakistan
Afghanistan
Maldives
Sri Lanka
Bangladesh
Bhutan
Nepal
Pacific Islands Forum
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

11. Regional DR Capacity Building Efforts
ASEAN
Full Spectrum
AHA Centre 
July 05
AADMER
SASOPS 
ARDEX Series 
02-03 Dec 08
TSD DR
Experts Mtg
ARF
Workplan
ARF
Inter-Government
Dec 04
Tsunami
ARF General Guidelines
04 Dec 08 &
5-6 Dec 08
ARF Shepherds
& ARF ISM DR
Banda Aceh
ARF VDR
July 06
ARF Statement
DM&ER
02 Aug 07
14th ARF
May 08
ARF DR TTX
27 June 08
TSD Joint
Statement
24 July 08
15th ARF
& TSD
ARF HADR SOP  ARF Strat Guidelines
ARF Stby
Arrangements ?
OCHA
National
Oct 05
UN OCHA
Introductory
Meeting
Oct 06
UN OCHA
APC-MADRO
30-31 Oct 07
UN OCHA
APC-MADRO
05-06 Nov 08
UN OCHA
APC-MADRO
Nov 09
UN OCHA
APC-MADRO
UN Regional DR
Guidelines
Development
UN Regional DR
Guidelines
Draft Review
Regional CONOPS
Development
PACOM & MPAT
Field
AFP-US HADR CONOPS 
MPAT 
TE Series
11-12 Sep 08
SAMAHAN TTX
Mar/ Apr 09
MPAT TE-16
MNF SOP 
HADR CONOPS Testing

13. Disaster Timeline Response Appeal Bilateral Response National UN UNDAC
Generally a combination of civilian and military assistance
Disaster Timeline
Regional Coordinator with OCHA support
Usually Bilateral
Response
Assessment
Appeal
Int Assist
FLASH
Donor
Support
Bilateral Response
National
UN Member States UN
UN Agencies’ Response
UNDAC
Red Cross
Local Society
IFRC
Local Society
Private & Public Donors
NGOs
Local NGO
Event
INGO
International NGO
Private & Public Donors

14. Generally a combination of civilian and military assistance
Disaster Timeline
Generally a combination of civilian and military assistance
Response
Assessment
Appeal
Int Assist
FLASH
Donor
Support
National UN
UN Agencies’ Response
UNDAC $
Red Cross
Local Society
IFRC
NGOs
Local NGO
Event
INGO $ $+
Australia
Post
Australian
Aust Gov
Decision
What’s the
rest of ARF
proposing to do?
Assessment &
Recommendation
Advice
Canberra

15. ARF Member Response Needs Driven Co-ordinated with others
Defined by Affected State
Co-ordinated with others
How?

16. ARF Member Co-ordination
Needs Defined
Collective Briefing by Affected State
Co-ordinated with others
ARF Members meet to discuss responses
In Affected State capital? Where?
Some ARF Members meet to co-ordinate
Assisting State(s) Capital(s)
Make offer to Affected State
Individually?

17. Thank you Garry Dunbar Civil-Military Specialist AusAID 17