1. The Geography of India

2. For thousands of years geography has made South Asia a crossroads.
Trade routes brought merchants and missionaries

4. Two major world religions began in South Asia:
Hinduism
Buddhism

5. 2500-1500 B. C. E Indus Valley. Civilization started from
B.C.E Indus Valley Civilization started from immigrants from Iran
They built cities such as Mahenjo-Daro which was highly advanced.

6. Roots of Hinduism 1500 B.C.E Aryans invaded from central Asia
The Aryans drove out the Dravidians
The Aryans brought with them the idea of a caste system.

7. Caste system is a rigid class system
Caste system is a rigid class system. A person cannot move between castes or classes.
Hindus believe in reincarnation
Cows are sacred.
Sacred writing of the Hindus are the Vedas

8. The Caste System

9. The Brahma Cow

10. Vishnu

11. Shiva

12. dharma- every person’s moral duty
karma- good is rewarded: bad is punished
reincarnation- every person is reborn until they are released from the cycle of rebirth.

13. The Ganges River is sacred to the Hindus.
Highly polluted
Bath in the river to purify themselves

14. Buddhism founded about the same time as Hinduism.
Founder Siddhartha Gautama
Leader today is the Dali Lama
Buddhist believe in reincarnation.
People reach the state of Nirvana

15. Since the mid 1700’s Britain controlled India
Britain took away a thriving textile industry and exported the raw cotton to mills in England

16. Britain expected the Indians to purchase their ready made textile products.
Many Indian textile workers lost their jobs.

17. During the late 1800’s Indians developed a strong sense of nationalism.
Many Indians were educated in Europe.

18. One of those people was Mohandas (Mahatma) Gandhi.
He led non violent resistance to England.
Indians boycotted British Cloth.

19. 1946 England agreed to give India its independence if they could agree on a government.

20. The conflict in India was between the Muslims and the Hindus

21. The only solution was to partition or divide India into Pakistan and India.
The Hindus occupied India and the Muslims occupied Pakistan

23. Later conflicts developed between East and West Pakistan and the country of Bangladesh (formerly East Pakistan) was created in 1971

24. Within the past few years, Pakistan and India have tested nuclear weapons.
They are in conflict of a portion India known as Kashmir.

25. Bell Work 4/20
Using your notes, textbook, and class discussion; in a short paragraph (at least 3 sentences) discuss Kashmir.

27. Taj Mahal Located in Agra, India, not far from New Delhi
Built by a Muslim emperor in the 17th century as a mausoleum for his wife
Fell into disrepair when Muslim empire collapsed and Hindus took over
Recently restored to former glory; now a symbol of national pride; major tourist site

28. New Delhi, India

29. New Delhi, India
Capital of India; not far from the Taj Mahal