1. Notes Ch. 17- Manifest Destiny and War

2. I. Manifest Destiny and Expansion

3. A. Manifest Destiny What? U.S. would expand to the Pacific Why? *Social (America was “special” *Economic (more land to grow crops- $$$ *Political-Democracy could work!

4. B. Territorial Expansion 1.Louisiana Purchase 2.Florida by treaty

5. 3. Election of 1844 Henry Clay (Whig) vs. James Polk (Dem.)

6. Results of Election of 1844. Election of 1844

7. Polk was expansionist… Wanted more territory!

8. a. 54 40’ or Fight” – U.S. wanted all of Oregon.

9. “54 40 or Fight”

10. b. Compromise with G.B. at 49th Parallel

11. D. Texas March 1845 Congress voted to annex Texas.

12. II. The Mexican War A.Causes 1. U.S. and Mexico had a disputed border claim. 2. Area between the Rio Grande and Nueces Rivers.

13. Map-disputed territory Nueces River Rio Grande

14. B. Beginning of the war 1. Polk sent Gen. Zachary Taylor into disputed area “Old Rough & Ready”

15. 2. Polk sent John Slidell Mexico with an offer to buy Texas and California

16. 3. Taylor refused to leave when ordered to do so by the Mexican commander, so Mexico attacked and killed 11 Americans and took others prisoner.

17. 2. President Polk then asked Congress for a Declaration of War “American blood has been spilled on American Soil!” -POLK

18. C. U.S. response to war 1.U.S. government asked for 50,000 but 200,000 volunteered to fight. 2.1 st war covered by Newspapers.

19. Volunteers from New Hampshire

20. U.S. response (cont.) 3. Patriotic Songs and increased National pride.

21. 4. Opposition- Douglass Abolitionists- Spread of slavery Pacifists- Unjust war

22. 4. Opposition- Thoreau Jailed for refusing to pay his taxes!

23. D. American Victories 1. General Taylor scored victories at ___________ and _______________ which drove Mexican forces back into Mexico. Palo AltoMonterray

24. 2. General Stephen Kearney Attacked New Mexico and captured the town of _______ without a fight. Santa Fe

25. KEARNEY

26. 3. John C. Fremont Encouraged Americans in northern California to revolt in what became known as the Bear Flag Revolt

28. Kearney FREMONT KEARNEY TAYLOR

29. E. End of the War 1. General Taylor received more troops and launched an attack deeper into Mexico where he eventually defeated Santa Anna.

30. 2. President Polk replaced General Taylor (Polk thought Taylor’s popularity might encourage him to run for President )

31. 3. Gen. Winfield Scott replaced Taylor Captured the Mexican fortress at Veracruz then marched to Mexico City. “Old Fuss and Feathers”

32. Map: Mexican War Campaigns

33. Landing at Veracruz

34. winning a key battle at Chapultepec U.S. won battle for Mexico City

35. Map: Mexican War Campaigns

36. Sept., 1847 Mexico surrendered

37. F. Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo 1.Mexican Cession includes most of present day  California  Arizona  New Mexico  Utah  Nevada

38. And parts of…….. Colorado and Wyoming.

39. 2. U.S. gained the disputed territory between Mexico and …. Texas. Over 500,000 square miles.

40. 3. U.S. paid Mexico $15 million and assume $3 million in debts.

41. G. Gadsden Purchase U.S. paid $10 million to Mexico for what is now southern….. Arizona and New Mexico

42. III. More Settlers Head West A.Led to more conflicts between settlers and ___________. B.Cultural Encounters- _______, ________, and ___________ cultures influenced each other in the west. Indians Indian SpanishAnglo

43. The Mormons 1. Joseph Smith founded the Church of Jesus Christ of the Latter Day Saints who are typically called Mormons.

44. Mormons 2. Mormons stressed hard work and __________, but some Mormon men practiced _______ which caused persecution. community polygamy

45. The Mormons 3. Mormons moved to Illinois, but when ________ was killed they moved to the Great Salt Lake under the leadership of _____________ Smith Brigham Young

48. The Mormons 4. The Mormons used __________ to turn the desert in fertile land. irrigation

49. The Mormons 4. The Mormons used __________ to turn the desert in fertile land. irrigation Brigham Young

50. IV. California- The World Rushed In

51. A. Forty-niners- Went to California in search of Gold

52. 3. Work PanningSluice

53. Forty-niners

54. D. Life in Mining Camps

55. B. Caused tremendous growth in California San Francisco C. Within two years, California had enough people to apply for statehood.

56. San Francisco 1854

57. D. Supplies and Provisions Very expensive The store owners got rich Levi Strauss

58. E. boomtowns Towns that grew quickly because of gold mines. Many became ghost towns.

59. F. Women Very few Some were miners

60. G. The California Dream- Did not become reality for most!

61. H. Chinese & Other Immigrants 1.Many Chinese were indentured servants. 2.Treatment- Prejudice, discrimination 3. Other immigrants-Mexico, Chile

62. I. Effects of the Gold Rush 1.Population- EXPLODED! 2.Californios-discriminated against 3.Indians- attacked and destroyed