1. Where is Mediterranean Europe?

2. Mediterranean Europe Spain Portugal Andorra Italy Vatican City Malta
Greece

3. Mediterranean Sea Important Waterway
Transportation all over southern Europe and northern Africa
Trade
Leads to Atlantic and other parts of the world
Navigable

4. The Mediterranean region was home to the two great civilizations of ancient Europe. What were they?
Ancient Greece
Ancient Rome

5. Greece: Birthplace of Democracy

6. Three geographic features affected this region’s development
Mild climate- made survival easier and societies had time to develop complex institutions such as government- speeches given outside
Mountainous- segregates parts of Greece into city-states that become more important than the country
Mediterranean Sea- encouraged trade with different societies bringing new ideas to the area. This leads to advances in knowledge

7. Maps of Greece

8. The city-state of Athens developed the first democracy, a government in which the people rule.
In Athens, all free adult males were citizens who had the right to serve in the law-making assembly
Athenian democracy helped inspire the US system of government
Warring among the city-states of Greece weakened them and they were eventually conquered by Alexander the Great

9. Greek science, philosophy, drama and art helped shape modern culture.

10. The Parthenon in Greece Famous Greek Temple (450 BC) near Athens

11. Typical Greek village and Greek money

12. City of Santorini in Greece

13. Greek Heroes: Hercules… Homer’s epics: The Iliad and Odyssey

14. Apennine Mts.-Italy

15. Apennine Mountains in Italy
Spine going down the back of the “boot”
Difficult to travel from the east side of the country
Most cities found in North or West
North Italy different from South Italy

16. “All roads lead to Rome”
As Greece was losing it’s power, Rome was rising
Founded in 753 BC
Huge empire by 100 AD
Built a large network of roads for communication and to make it easy for armies to march

17. Rome was a republic, a government in which citizens elect representatives to rule in their name
Rome conquered the Iberian and Balkan peninsulas
Because of turmoil in the country, Rome put aside its republic and began to be ruled by an emperor.

18. One of Rome’s territories was Palestine, the place where Jesus was born. Christianity spread across the Roman empire when it became Rome’s official religion in the late 300 A.D.’s
Emperor Constantine made it an official religion
Roads that helped armies also helped spread Christianity
All of this helped Christianity spread to the extent it does today

19. Italy The Coliseum in Rome

20. Crusades
The invaders who overthrew Rome had no strong central government and so Italy eventually became divided into many small city-states.
In 1096, Christians launched the Crusades against the Muslims that were controlling Palestine.

21. Crusades
Italians earned large profits by supplying ships for the Crusaders.
Italian states became rich and they grew powerful once again
The wealth they acquired would allow them to have more time for the arts

22. Vatican City Smallest populated nation
Vatican City Smallest populated nation. Have their own flag and currency

23. Vatican St. Peters Basilica

24. Renaissance
With the money gained from the Crusades, they had more to spend on non-necessities
Could pay for art, become patrons of the arts
More money and time to spend developing ideas and inventions
Began in the Italian city-states

25. Time of renewed interest in learning and the arts that lasted from the 14th – 16th century
Renaissance ideas began in Italy
Spread north to the rest of Europe

26. The Renaissance started in Italy in the 1300’s with famous artists and inventors- such as: Leonardo, Michaelangelo, Donatelo, and Rafael

27. Michaelangelo’s “Awakening Slave” & “Holy Family”

28. Michaelangelo’s “Creation of Man” Painted on ceiling of the Sistine Chapel

29. Leonardo DaVinci Artist & inventor

30. Italy Venice -Canals throughout the city

31. Buildings in Venice built next to the canal
Water from canals weakens foundation
Buildings begin to sink
Use boats or gondolas to travel down the canals

32. Venice Gondolas

33. Leaning tower of Pisa

34. Iberian Peninsula
Spain and Portugal established colonies throughout the Americas and elsewhere
They spread Catholicism and the Spanish and Portuguese language throughout the world
Geography makes it easier for these places to head out of Europe

35. Pyrenees Mountains Pyrenees Mts
Pyrenees Mountains Pyrenees Mts. have isolated the Iberian Peninsula from the rest of Europe

37. SPAIN

38. Barcelona

39. Columbus Monument

40. Aqueducts
Structures that carried water for long distances

42. Rock of Gibraltar The Rock of Gibraltar is famous for its strategic importance; it holds an underground military communication center and a naval base.