1. K. Barish Kenneth N. Barish Spin Praha 2007 Prague, Czech Rep. July, 2007 The PHENIX Spin Program Recent results & prospects

2. K. Barish Proton Spin Structure at PHENIX Prompt Photon Production Heavy Flavors

3. K. Barish Nucleon Spin Structure Simple parton model: 1989 EMC (CERN):  =0.12  0.09  0.14  Spin Crisis Determination of  G and  q-bar is the main goal of longitudinal spin program at RHIC  Gluons are polarized (  G)  Sea quarks are polarized: For complete description include parton orbital angular momentum L Z :

4. K. Barish Valence distributions well determined Sea Distribution poorly constrained Gluon can be either positive, 0, negative! Polarized PDFs from DIS A symmetry A nalysis C ollaboration M. Hirai, S. Kumano and N. Saito, PRD (2004)

5. K. Barish Utilizes strongly interacting probes Probes gluon directly Higher  s  clean pQCD interpretation Elegant way to explore guark and anti-quark polarizations through W production Polarized Gluon Distribution Measurements (  G(x)): Use a variety of probes Access to different gluon momentum fraction x Different probes – different systematics Use different energies  s Access to different gluon momentum fraction x New experimental tool: polarized pp collider

6. K. Barish Scattering processes in polarized p+p Hard Scattering Process

7. K. Barish HERMES (hadron pairs) COMPASS (hadron pairs) E708 (direct photon) RHIC (direct photon) CDF (direct photon) pQCD partonic level asymmetries NLO corrections are now known for all relevant reactions LO High  s and p T make the NLO pQCD analysis reliable »dependence of the calculated cross section on  represents an uncertainty in the theoretical predictions M. Stratmann and W. Vogelsang

8. K. Barish Leading hadrons as jet tags Hard Scattering Process qg+gq qq gg Double longitudinal spin asymmetry A LL is sensitive to  G

9. K. Barish AGS LINAC BOOSTER Polarized Source Spin Rotators Partial Snake Siberian Snakes 200 MeV Polarimeter AGS Polarimeter Rf Dipole RHIC pC Polarimeters Absolute Polarimeter (H jet) P HENIX P HOBOS B RAHMS & PP2PP S TAR Siberian Snakes Helical Partial Snake Strong Snake Spin Flipper 2005 Complete! Approaching design peak average  design L 2.5 1.2 6.0 P 67% 61% 70% Luminosity in 10 31 cm -2 s -1 RHIC can accelerate polarized protons!

10. K. Barish Philosophy (initial design): Philosophy (initial design): High rate capability & granularity High rate capability & granularity Good mass resolution & particle ID Good mass resolution & particle ID  limited acceptance The PHENIX Detector for Spin Physics    detection Electromagnetic Calorimeter:     Drift Chamber Ring Imaging Cherenkov Counter J  Muon Id/Muon Tracker Relative Luminosity Beam Beam Counter (BBC) Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC) Local Polarimetry - ZDC Filters for “rare” events

11. K. Barish PHENIX polarized-proton runs Year  s [GeV] Recorded LPol [%]FOM (P 4 L) 2003 (Run 3)200.35 pb -1 271.9 nb -1 2004 (Run 4)200.12 pb -1 403.1 nb -1 2005 (Run 5)2003.4 pb -1 49200 nb -1 2006 (Run 6)2007.5 pb -1 621100 nb -1 2006 (Run 6)62.4.08 pb -1 ** 484.2 nb -1 ** Longitudinally Polarized Runs Transversely Polarized Runs Year  s [GeV] Recorded LPol [%]FOM (P 2 L) 2001 (Run 2)200.15 pb -1 153.4 nb -1 2005 (Run 5)200.16 pb -1 4738 nb -1 2006 (Run 6)2002.7 pb -1 57880 nb -1 2006 (Run 6)62.4.02 pb -1 ** 484.6 nb -1 ** ** initial estimate

12. K. Barish Total Raw Data Volumes WAN data transfer and data production at CC-J in RIKEN, Wako Japan » 60MB/s sustained rate using grid » 570 Tb transferred in Runs 5 & 6

13. K. Barish prompt photon cc  eX bb  e  X J/  GS95 x  G(x) Robust measurement covering wide x g region through multiple channels: I. Gluon Polarization Results π 0 200GeV – Run 3, 4, 5, 6 (prelim) 64GeV – Run 6 (prelim) π  Run 5 (prelim) Jet-like Run 4, 5(prelim)  Run 5(prelim) J/   Run 5, 6 (level2) Photon Coming soon. See talk by P. Liebing

14. K. Barish (N) Helicity dependent yields (R) Relative Luminosity BBC vs ZDC (P) Polarization RHIC Polarimeter (at 12 o’clock) Local Polarimeters (SMD&ZDC) Bunch spin configuration alternates every 106 ns Data for all bunch spin configurations are collected at the same time  Possibility for false asymmetries are greatly reduced Measuring A LL

15. K. Barish  0 cross section at 200GeV NLO pQCD calculations are consistent with cross-section measurements g2g2 gqgq q2q2  arXiv:0704.3599 [hep-ex]

16. K. Barish  0 A LL PHENIX Preliminary Run6 (  s=200 GeV) Run3,4,5: PRL 93, 202002; PRD 73, 091102; hep-ex-0704.3599 pT(GeV) 510 GRSV model: “  G = 0”:  G(Q 2 =1GeV 2 )=0.1 “  G = std”:  G(Q 2 =1GeV 2 )=0.4 Statatistical uncertainties are on level to distinguish “std” and “0” scenarios

17. K. Barish Relationship between p T and x gluon Log 10 (x gluon ) NLO pQCD:  0 p T =2  9 GeV/c GRSV model:  G(x gluon =0.02  0.3) ~ 0.6  G(x gluon =0  1 ) Note: the relationship between p T and x gluon is model dependent Each p T bin corresponds to a wide range in x gluon, heavily overlapping with other p T bins Data is not very sensitive to variation of  G(x gluon ) within measured range Any quantitative analysis assumes some  G(x gluon ) shape

18. K. Barish Sensitivity of  0 A LL to  G Scaling Errors not included x x  G(x) GRSV std present x-range “std” scenario,  G(Q 2 =1GeV 2 )=0.4, is excluded by data on >3 sigma level:  2 (std)  2 min >9 Only exp. stat. uncertainties are included (the effect of syst. uncertainties is expected to be small in the final results) Theoretical uncertainties are not included

19. K. Barish Global Analysis  Results from various channels combined into single results for  G(x)  Correlations with other PDFs for each channel properly accounted  Every single channel result is usually smeared over x  global analysis can do deconvolution (map of  G vs x) based on various channel results  NLO pQCD framework can (should!) be used  Global analysis framework already exist for pol. DIS data and being developed to include RHIC pp data, by different groups One of the attempts of global analysis by AAC Collaboration using PHENIX  0 Run5-Preliminary data Now Run5-Final and Run6-Preliminary  0 and Run5-Preliminary jet data are available

20. K. Barish x x  G(x) GSC:  G(x gluon = 0  1) = 1 GRSV-0:  G(x gluon = 0  1) = 0 GRSV-std:  G(x gluon = 0  1) = 0.4 GSC:  G(x gluon = 0  1) = 1 GRSV-0:  G(x gluon = 0  1) = 0 GRSV-std:  G(x gluon = 0  1) = 0.4 Δ G(x) C from Gehrmann Stirling present x-range Much of the first moment ΔG = ∫ΔG(x)dx might emerge from low x! GSC-NLO: ΔG = ∫ΔG(x)dx = 1.0 GSC-NLO GSC-NLO: ΔG = ∫ 0.02 ΔG(x)dx ~ small  0 0.3 Extending x-range is crucial GSC:  G(x gluon = 0  1) = 1  G(x gluon = 0.02  0.3) ~ 0 GRSV-0:  G(x gluon = 0  1) = 0  G(x gluon = 0.02  0.3) ~ 0 GRSV-std:  G(x gluon = 0  1) = 0.4  G(x gluon = 0.02  0.3) ~ 0.25

21. K. Barish GSC-NLO: ΔG = ∫ΔG(x)dx = 1.0 Large uncertainties resulting from the functional form used for ΔG(x) in the QCD analysis! GSC-NLO courtesy of Marco Stratmann and Werner Vogelsang x x  G(x) present x-range NEED TO EXTEND MEASUREMENTS TO LOW x !! PHENIX  0 A LL vs GSC-NLO

22. K. Barish Extend x Range present x -range  s = 200 GeV Extend to lower x at  s = 500 GeV Extend to higher x at  s = 62.4 GeV To measure  G, need as wide an x range as possible. Planned Upgrades will help (see later in this talk) By measuring at different center of mass energies, we can reach different x ranges. We can extend our x coverage towards lower x at  s = 500 GeV. Expected to start in 2009. We can extend our x coverage towards higher x at  s = 62.4 GeV.  Run6

23. K. Barish  0 A LL @  s=62.4 GeV GRSV: M. Gluck, E. Reya, M. Stratmann, and W. Vogelsang, Phys. Rev. D 53 (1996) 4775.  Short run with longitudinal polarized protons  A LL  Grey band: systematic uncertainty due to Relative Luminosity

24. K. Barish Comparison with 200 GeV  At fixed x T,  0 cross section is 2 orders of magnitude higher at 62.4 GeV than at 200 GeV  Converting to x T, we can get a better impression of the significance of the  s=62.4 GeV data set, when compared with the Run5 final data set. Run5 200GeV final 2.7pb -1 (49%) Run6 62.4GeV prelm. 0.04 pb -1 (48%)

25. K. Barish Sign Ambiguity Dominance of two gluon interaction at low p T  present  0 A LL data cannot determine sign of  G. Solution: »Higher p T  higher FOM (P 4 L) »Look to other probes: –Charged pions –Direct Photon G2G2 GqGq q2q2 Hard Scattering Process 00

26. K. Barish Charged pion A LL Charged pions above 4.7 GeV identified with RICH. At higher p T, qg interactions become dominant and so  q  g term is A LL becomes significant allowing access to the sign of  G Fraction of pion production

27. K. Barish A LL of   at  s=200GeV Run 5

28. K. Barish “Golden Channel” »Gluon Compton Dominates »PHENIX well suited, but not easy & requires substantial L & P hep-ex/0609031 Prompt  production at  s=200GeV Run 3  qqqq gqgq

29. K. Barish A LL of prompt  at  s=200GeV isolated pi0 photon signal A LL  coming soon! R EE Isolation cut to Isolation cut to reduce background

30. K. Barish A LL of  and J/  at  s=200GeV »Complementary to  0 measurement »  fragmentation function not yet available. g2g2 gqgq q2q2 

31. K. Barish π 0 /π  / h  »200GeV – run 2 (published), 5 (prelim) »64GeV – run 6 (prelim) J /  »Run 6 (level2) Forward neutron – , x F dependence MPC Run6 »64GeV (prelim) II. Transverse Spin (A N ) (Collins effect) spin-dependent fragmentation functions (Sivers effect) transversely asymmetric k t quark distributions (Twist-3) quark gluon field interference 0 o CAL MUON CENTRAL X F 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 PTPT BBC MPC Kinematical Coverage @ 200GeV 0 1 2 3 4 5 Rapidity See talk by K. Oleg Eyser

32. K. Barish A N of  0 and h  for y~0 at  s= 200GeV π 0 (2001/02) p t (GeV/c) hep-ex/0507073(hep-ex/0507073)  A N is 0 within 1%  interesting contrast with forward  PRL 95(2005)202001 |  | < 0.35 Run 2 Run 5 May provide information on gluon-Sivers effect  gg and qg processes are dominant — transversity effect is suppressed

33. K. Barish A N of J/  at  s=200GeV  Sensitive to gluon Sivers as produced through g-g fusion  Charm theory prediction is available »How does J/  production affect prediction?

34. K. Barish   0 detection in forward direction »3.1 < |  | < 3.65  South arm installed for Run 6 test. »Expect 200GeV longitudinal and 62GeV longitudinal & transverse results  North installed for Run 7 Muon Piston Calorimeter (MPC) MIP Peak

35. K. Barish  0 A N at large x F 3.0<  <4.0 p  +p  0 +X at  s=62.4 GeV Asymmetry seen in yellow beam (positive x F ), but not in blue (negative x F ) Large asymmetries at forward x F  Valence quark effect? x F, p T,  s, and  dependence provide quantitative tests for theories process contribution to  0,  =3.3,  s=200 GeV PLB 603,173 (2004)

36. K. Barish High luminosity and polarization »200 & 500 GeV Running Upgrades »Muon trigger upgrade »Nose-Cone Calorimeter Upgrade »Silicon barrel and forward upgrade III. Future Prospects

37. K. Barish Neutral pion projections see Spin report to DOE http://spin.riken.bnl.gov/rsc/ Spin plan: » 65 pb -1 at √s=200GeV & 70% pol »309 pb -1 at √s=500GeV & 70% pol

38. K. Barish Prompt photon projections Spin plan: » 65 pb -1 at √s=200GeV & 70% pol »309 pb -1 at √s=500GeV & 70% pol see Spin report to DOE http://spin.riken.bnl.gov/rsc/

39. K. Barish Present vs with upgrades Inclusive hadrons + photons forward heavy flavor + photons  low x not pos. without upgrades  parton kinematics A N for inclusive hadrons A T in Interference-Fragmentation A T Collins FF in jets A N for back-to-back hadrons A N, T Ds, DY not possible without upgrades (muon trigger, FVTX + NCC helpful) Physics Goals determine first moment of the spin dependent gluon distribution, ∫ 0 1 ΔG(x)dx. measurement of trans- versity quark distributions. Measurement of the Sivers distributions, L z flavor separation of quark and anti-quark spin distri- butions Physics Impact of PHENIX Upgrades Sivers Effect

40. K. Barish PHENIX Upgrade Components p muon Muons from Ws Muons from hadrons R1 Muon from hadron decays Muon from W R3 endcap charm/beauty & jets: displaced vertex  Nosecone calorimeter W and quarkonium: improved  -trigger rejection  -jet,e,   ,  c R2 Silicon barrel

41. K. Barish NCC MPC VTX & FVTX -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 rapidity  coverage 2  EMCAL (i)  0 and prompt  with combination of all electromagnetic calorimeters (ii) heavy flavor with precision vertex tracking with silicon detectors (iii) combine (i)&(ii) for  -jet measurements Future Acceptance for Hard Probes

42. K. Barish Measuring the Gluon Spin Contribution to the Proton Spin: Δ G = ∫ 0 1 Δ G(x)dx 1.Present measurements do not constrain functional form: They determine Δ G = ∫ 0.02 0.3 Δ G(x)dx 2.Longitudinal double spin asymmetries for open charm with the FVTX measure Δ G(x), [0.001,0.3] 3.Longitudinal double spin asymmetries for direct photons with the NCC measure Δ G(x), [0.001,0.3]. Jet-photon measurements using the NCC constrain the quark gluon kinematics and are sensitive to the functional form of Δ G(x). First moment of Δ G(x) prompt photon Central arms GS95 x  G(x)

43. K. Barish Direct Photons (NCC) + Heavy Flavor (FVTX) NCC direct photons

44. K. Barish Nose Cone Calorimeter NCC Spin physics … – Expands PHENIX’s kinematical coverage for jets, inclusive neutral pions, electrons, and photons to forward rapidity – Detection of both hadron jet and final state photon possible with the NCC and new silcon tracking detectors. –  G with NCC at low-x through jet- ,  0, e- , open charm. – Isolation cut for W-bosons log(x g ) NCC central full 500 GeV Central arms prompt  10 -1 10 -2 10 -3 10 -4 10 -5 1 10 -1 1 10 10 2 10 3 10 4 NCC prompt  SLAC/ HERMES SMC x 500 GeV Q2Q2Q2Q2

45. K. Barish NCC prompt-  GS-C GS-B GS-A Central Arm prompt-  GS-C p T (GeV) Probing lower-x with the NCC 150 pb -1 @ 500 GeV 70% Pol 150 pb -1 @ 500 GeV 70% Pol p T (GeV) A LL GS-C present NCC

46. K. Barish Spin structure of the quark sea How does the spin gluon field “feed down” to the quark sea?  Gluons are polarized (  G)  Sea quarks are polarized: x  d LO extraction from SIDIS x  d Hermes: Phys.Rev.Lett 92 (2004) 012005

47. K. Barish  Experimentally clean measurement. –A L is parity violating → no false physics asymmetries. –Does not rely on knowledge of fragmentation functions  Inclusive single spin muon asymmetries (from W’s) is a good probe of  q/q,  q/q. –Complete theoretical treatment from first principles by Nadolsky and Yuan using re-summation and NLO techniques [NuclPhysB 666(2003) 31]. –Does not suffer from scale uncertainties Quark helicities fixed Produced in pure V-A  W production »Produced in parity violating V-A process — Chirality / helicity of quarks defined »Couples to weak charge — Flavor almost fixed: flavor analysis possible ALAL pTpT Requires high luminosity 500GeV running + high rate muon trigger Flavor separation of q and q sea

48. K. Barish PHENIX vs HERMES SIDIS: large x-coverage uncertainties from knowing fragmentation functions W-physics: limited x-coverage High Q 2  theoretically clean No FF-info needed Complimentary measurements

49. K. Barish Summary RHIC is novel machine: provides collisions of polarized protons at high energies »High enough  s  NLO pQCD is applicable »Strongly interacting probes can be used to study nucleon structure PHENIX is well suited to the study of spin physics with a wide variety of probes. »Inclusive neutral pion data for A LL has reached statistical significance to constrain Δ G in a limited x-range (~0.02-0.3). –  G is consistent with zero in the measured region, but theoretical uncertainties are high. –Extending the x-coverage is crucial (higher/lower energy, upgrades) –  G is also being probed with charged pions, photons, etas, heavy flavor via muons and electrons, multi-particle “jets” … »Anti-quark helicity distribution via W decay PHENIX has an upgrade program that will give us the triggers and vertex information that we need for precise future measurements of  G,  q and new physics at higher luminosity and energy

50. K. Barish USA Abilene Christian University, Abilene, TX Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY University of California - Riverside, Riverside, CA University of Colorado, Boulder, CO Columbia University, Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, NY Florida Institute of Technology, FL Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA University of Illinois Urbana Champaign, IL Iowa State University and Ames Laboratory, Ames, IA Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA University of Maryland, College Park, MD University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA Muhlenberg College, Allentown, PA University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM Dept. of Chemistry, Stony Brook Univ., Stony Brook, NY Dept. Phys. and Astronomy, Stony Brook Univ., Stony Brook, NY Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN Brazil University of São Paulo, São Paulo China Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing Peking University, Beijing Czech Charles University, Prague, Republic Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague Finland University of Jyvaskyla, Jyvaskyla France LPC, University de Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand Dapnia, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette IPN-Orsay, Universite Paris Sud, CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay LLR, Ecòle Polytechnique, CNRS-IN2P3, Palaiseau SUBATECH, Ecòle des Mines at Nantes, Nantes Germany University of Münster, Münster Hungary Central Research Institute for Physics (KFKI), Budapest Debrecen University, Debrecen Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Budapest India Banaras Hindu University, Banaras Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay Israel Weizmann Institute, Rehovot Japan Center for Nuclear Study, University of Tokyo, Tokyo Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima KEK, Institute for High Energy Physics, Tsukuba Kyoto University, Kyoto Nagasaki Institute of Applied Science, Nagasaki RIKEN, Institute for Physical and Chemical Research, Wako RIKEN-BNL Research Center, Upton, NY Rikkyo University, Toshima, Tokyo Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba Waseda University, Tokyo S. Korea Cyclotron Application Laboratory, KAERI, Seoul Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea Kangnung National University, Kangnung Korea University, Seoul Myong Ji University, Yongin City System Electronics Laboratory, Seoul Nat. University, Seoul Yonsei University, Seoul Russia Institute of High Energy Physics, Protovino Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna Kurchatov Institute, Moscow PNPI, St. Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, St. Petersburg Lomonosoy Moscow State University, Moscow St. Petersburg State Technical University, St. Petersburg Sweden Lund University, Lund 14 Countries; 68 Institutions; 550 Participants

51. K. Barish Extra slides…

52. K. Barish Use Zero Degree Calorimeter (ZDC) to measure a L-R and U-D asymmetry in forward neutrons (Acceptance: ±2 mrad). When transversely polarized, we see clear asymmetry. When longitudinally polarized, there should be no asymmetry. BLUE YELLOW Raw asymmetry  Use neutron asymmetry to study transversely polarized component. BLUE YELLOW Raw asymmetry  Local Polarimety at PHENIX

53. K. Barish Measured Asymmetry During Longitudinal Running = 10±2(%) = 99.48±0.12±0.02(%) LR  2 /NDF = 88.1/97 p0 = -0.00323±0.00059 LR UD  2 /NDF = 82.5/97 p0 = 0.00423±0.00057 X F >0 X F <0  2 /NDF = 119.3/97 p0 = 0.00056±0.00063 UD  2 /NDF = 81.7/97 p0 = -0.00026±0.00056 Fill Number = 14±2(%) = 98.94±0.21±0.04(%) Also confirmed in Run6 analysis Measurement of remaining transverse component  spin pattern is correct (2005)

54. K. Barish Relative Luminosity Number of BBC triggered events (N BBC ) used to calculate Relative Luminosity. For estimate of Uncertainty, fit for all bunches in a fill with Year[GeV] RR  A LL 2005 *2001.0e-42.3e-4 2006 *2003.9e-45.4e-4 2006 *62.41.3e-32.8e-3 * Longitudinal

55. K. Barish Possible contamination from soft physics By comparing  0 data with charged pion data, which has very good statistics at low p T, can estimate soft physics contribution Fitting an exponential to the low p T charged pion data (p T <1 GeV/c) gives an estimate on the soft physics contribution. Fit result:  = 5.56±0.02 (GeV/c) − 1  2 /NDF = 6.2/3 From this, we see that for p T >2 GeV, the soft physics component is down by more than a factor of 10. exponential fit PHENIX: hep-ex-0704.3599 For  G constrain use  0 A LL data at p T >2 GeV/c

56. K. Barish A LL of jet-like cluster at  s=200GeV Run 5 »“ Jet ” detection: tag one high energy photon and sum energy of nearby photons and charged particles »Definition of p T cone: sum of p T measured by EMCal and tracker with R =  (|  | 2 +|  | 2 ) »Real p T of jet is evaluated by tuned PYTHIA 

57. K. Barish Forward neutrons at  s=200GeV ANAN Without MinBias-6.6 ±0.6 % With MinBias-8.3 ±0.4 % neutron charged particles Run 5 K. Barish Large cross section is measured at √s=200GeV and consistent with x F.

58. K. Barish Di-Hadron Azimuthal Correlations Possible helicity dependence Spin-correlated transverse momentum (orbital angular momentum) may contribute to jet k T. Run 5

59. K. Barish Take advantage of collaboration resources: »Run-5 –Cu+Cu 200 GeV at RCF lMay to August, 2006, 1.7G events in 4 months –Cu+Cu 62.4 GeV at PHENIX 1008 farm lFeb to March, 2006 0.6G events in 2 months –Cu+Cu 22.5 GeV at PHENIX 1008 farm l A few days to process 9M events –p+p 200 GeV at CC-J in Japan l Essentially complete l All (270 TB) shipped via network to CC-J. –Level-2 stream produced at ORNL »Run-6 –p+p 62 GeV at PHENIX 1008 farm l Complete –p+p 200 GeV at PHENIX 1008 farm l Production for transverse polarization underway –p+p 200 GeV at PHENIX CC-J l Production for longitudinal polarization about to start –Level-2 produced at Vanderbilt »Simulation at Vanderbilt, LLNL, New Mexico WAN data transfer and data production at CC-J (computing center in Japan, RIKEN, Wako) »60MB/s sustained rate »6 TB/day = 70 MB/sec max »Run5pp: 260 TB transferred »Run6pp: 310 TB transferred –200 GeV transverse/radial 100 TB –200 GeV longitudinal 160 TB –62.4 GeV 50 TB Production for all PHENIX data-sets completed by start of Run-7 PHENIX Data Production

60. K. Barish Forward Neutron asymmetry reduced at 62 GeV, but still measurable. xpos Red : transverse data, Blue : longitudinal data Blue Forward Blue Backward Yellow Backward Yellow Forward BLUE0.065 ± 0.143 YELLOW0.132 ± 0.100 BLUE-0.025 ± 0.119 YELLOW-0.020 ± 0.093 P L BLUE 100% – 2.3% P L YELLOW 100% – 2.2% 62 GeV: Local Polarimetry

61. K. Barish Calculate A LL (  +BG) and A LL (BG) separately. Get background ratio (w BG ) from fit of all data. Subtract A LL (BG) from A LL (  +BG): A LL (  +BG) = w  · A LL (  ) + w BG · A LL (BG) This method is also used for other probes with two particle decay mode: , J/    +BG region : ±25 MeV around    peak BG region : two 50 MeV regions around peak Calculating  0 A LL

62. K. Barish RHIC Forward Pion A N at 62.4 GeV Brahms Spectrometer at “2.3  ” and “3.0  ” setting  = 3.44, comparable to PHENIX all eta Qualitatively similar behavior to E704 data: pi0 is positive and between π + and π -, and roughly similar magnitude: A N (π + )/A N (π 0 ) ~ 25-50% Flavor dependence of identified pion asymmetries can help to distinguish between effects Kouvaris, Qiu, Vogelsang, Yuan, PRD74:114013, 2006 Twist-3 calculation for pions (  exactly at 3.3) Derived from fits to E704 data at  s=19.4 GeV and then extrapolated to 62.4 and 200 GeV Only qualitative agreement at the moment. Must be very careful in comparisons (between experiments and theories) that kinematics are matched, since A N is a strong function of p T and x F PHENIX and Brahms Preliminary E704, 19.4 GeV, PLB 261, (1991) 201 Solid line: two-flavor (u, d) fit Dashed line: valence + sea, anti-quark

63. K. Barish Comparison to  0 at  s = 200 GeV STAR -- The apparent opposite trend in theηdependence between STAR and PHENIX may result from the difference in collsion energy and p T coverage -- Theoretic calculations for √s = 200 GeV appear to disagree with the experimental results