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Published byMitchell Hudson Modified over 9 years ago
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Chapter 18 Financial Strategies: Financing and Currencies
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Chapter Outline Nonfinancial Institutions -Self Financing and Debt Financing -Equity Financing Financial Institutions Government Agencies
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Chapter Outline International Financial Institutions/Development Banks – World Bank – International Development Association (IDA) – International Finance Corporation (IFC) – Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) – International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) IMF (International Monetary Fund)
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Chapter Outline Money Foreign Exchange Foreign Exchange Market Foreign Exchange Rate -Currency Equilibrium -Effect of Devaluation
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Chapter Outline Exchange-Rate Systems -Gold Standard -Par Value (Adjustable Peg) -Crawling Peg (Sliding or Gliding Parity) -Wide Band -Floating (Flexible) System Official Classification of Exchange Rate Regimes Evaluation of Floating Rates
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Chapter Outline Financial Implications and Strategies -Early Warning Systems -Hedging -Leading and Lagging -Invoicing -Pass-Through Costs -Other Strategies
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Self Financing and Debt Financing own capital withholding of dividends trade credit joint venture partners borrowing from affiliated firms and employee retirement fund issuing commercial paper or bonds
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Equity Financing Selling Stock Venture Capital
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Financial Institutions Factoring Houses Forfaiting Banks
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Government Agencies Concessionary Financing Mixed/Blended Credit
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International Financial Institutions/ Development Banks World Bank (IBRD) International Development Association (IDA) International Finance Corporation (IFC) Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA) International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID)
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Money Hard (International) Currencies vs. Soft Currencies Functions of Currency -medium of exchange -unit of account -store of value
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Foreign Exchange Market Credit (Financing) Clearing Hedging Spot Market vs. Forward Market
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Foreign Exchange Rate Currency Equilibrium Effect of Devaluation - Exports and Employment - Imports and Consumer Welfare
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Exchange Rate Systems Gold Standard Par Value (Adjustable Peg) Crawling Peg (Sliding or Gliding Parity) Wide Band Floating (Flexible) System
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Official Classification of Exchange Rate Regimes Floating Exchange Rate Regimes -independently floating regimes -managed floating regimes Intermediate Exchange Rate Regimes -soft pegs -tightly managed floating regimes Hard Peg Regimes -currency boards -exchange rate regimes with no separate legal tender
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Financial Implications and Strategies Early Warning Systems Hedging Leading and Lagging Invoicing Pass-Through Costs Other Strategies
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