1. The Sumerian City of Ur

2. 6 TH century Babylonian cosmological map City of Babylon The Tigress River running near a pillar of the Earth The Water of the Cosmos The Platform of the Earth

3. 6 TH century Babylonian cosmological map Sheol (Hell, jail for the dead, pit, grave, or the Underworld) The Firmament with stars, sun and moon

4. The universe is a closed dome, surrounded by a saltwater sea. The Earth is a disk supporting the universe. A freshwater ocean rolls beneath the Earth. The Cosmology of the Ancient Near East: Assimilation and Accommodation Saltwater Sea

5. The disk of the earth is supported at four corners by great pillars.

6. Sheol In the ancient world, Jews conceived of death as a one-way trip into a sunless world from which one never returned.

7. Sheol

8. God and Heaven were out beyond the Saltwater Sea. GOD IN HEAVENS

10. COSMOLOGY OF ANCIENT EGYPT Egyptian civilization was primarily marked by a loose configuration of peopleswho were bound by a geographical and cultural construct. Egyptian civilization formed itself primarily around the shared experience of the Nile River and around ideas of a cycle and the natural order of things that repeated themselves the rising and setting of the sun god Ra every day the cycle of the birth and death of the divine ruler, or the pharaoh. 10

11. One of the primary filters for understanding Egyptian art is Time – both Cyclical and Linear

13. Egyptian Book of the Dead

15. THE GREEK VIEW OF THE COSMOS 15

16. The Aegean Sea Crete Cyclades Troy Knossos Sparta Athens Mycenae Mediterranean Sea Ionean Sea ASIA MINOR ANATOLIA PELOPONNESUS MACEDONIA RHODES..... CHAPTER FOUR ART OF THE PREHISTORIC AEGEAN LESVOS

17. The universe is a closed dome, surrounded by a saltwater sea. The Earth is a sphere around which the planets and the sun revolve. The Cosmology of the Greeks: Spherical Earth and Man in Image of Gods Saltwater Sea

18. The Earth is a sphere around which the planets and the sun revolve. The Cosmology of the Greeks: Spherical Earth and Man in Image of Gods The deity called Chaos gives birth to several children. He creates them out of some kind of matter.

19. The Earth is a sphere around which the planets and the sun revolve. The Cosmology of the Greeks: Spherical Earth and Man in Image of Gods The earth is made of four elements (earth/soil, air, water, fire) + a “soul” (the principle of eternal motion)

20. The Earth is a sphere around which the planets and the sun revolve. The Cosmology of the Greeks: Spherical Earth and Man in Image of Gods The beginnings of man are cloaked in mystery but they are the creation of the deities and they are in their image. They are good.

21. The Cosmology of the Greeks: Spherical Earth and Man in Image of Gods At some point on the earth, there is an entrance of an ill-defined place inside the earth called Ellysium, where humans go to reside infinitely.

22. The Cosmology of the Greeks: Spherical Earth and Man in Image of Gods The gods, presided over by Zeus, live on earth atop Mount Olympus, the highest peak in Greece, where they watch and interfere in men’s lives, eat ambrosia and drink nectar.

23. The Cosmology of the Greeks: Spherical Earth and Man in Image of Gods The entrance is guarded by a three- headed dog and presided over by Hades, brother of Zeus.

24. The Cosmology of the Greeks: Spherical Earth and Man in Image of Gods One arrives at the fields of Ellysium by crossing the river Styx.