1. Mechanical Measurement and Instrumentation MECN 4600
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Inter American University of Puerto Rico
Bayamon Campus
Dr. Omar E. Meza Castillo

2. Tentative Lecture Schedule
Topic
Lecture
Basic Principles of Measurements
Response of Measuring Systems, System Dynamics
Error & Uncertainty Analysis
1, 2 and 3
P&ID 4
Least-Squares Regression 5
Measurement of Pressure 6
Measurement of Temperature 7
Measurement of Fluid Flow 8
Measurement of Level 9
Measurement of Stress-Strain 10
Measurement of Time Constant 11

3. Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
Topic 4: P&ID
Piping and Instrumentation Diagram

4. To use P&ID in order to read engineering plans.
Course Objectives
To use P&ID in order to read engineering plans.

5. P&ID Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
A Piping and Instrumentation Diagram - P&ID, is a schematic illustration of functional relationship of piping, instrumentation and system equipment components.
The P&ID are used to operate the process system.
The P&ID shows the flows in a plant (in the chemical or process industry) and the corresponding sensors or actors.
At the same time, the P&ID gives a name ("tag") to each sensor and actor, along with additional parameters.
This tag identifies a "point" not only on the screens and controllers, but also on the objects in the field.
Many standards: ISA, DIN, etc

6. P&ID Piping and Instrumentation Diagram
A P&ID should include:
All process equipment identified by equipment number
All pipes identified by a line number. Pipe size and material of construction should be shown (material may include as a part of the identification number)
All valves with an identification number along with their type & size should be shown
Ancillary fittings that are part of piping system such as inline sight glasses, strainers and stream traps with an identification number.
Pumps identified by a suitable code number.
All control loops and instruments with identification

7. P&ID Example

8. P&ID is equal that PFD
Process Flow Diagram (PFD) is a schematic illustration of the system. shows the relationships between the major components in the system. 

9. Instrument Identification

10. P&ID

11. Instrumentation Identification

12. P&ID and Symbols
Sets of symbols are used to depict mechanical equipment, piping, piping components, valves, equipment drivers and instrumentation and controls. These symbols are assembled on the drawing in a manner that clearly defines the process. The instrumentation and control (I&C) symbols used in P&IDs are generally based on ISA-5.1, Instrumentation Symbols and Identification.
The first letter of any tag name, therefore, will indicate the process variable being measured. The most common process variables in a process plant include:
F – Flow
L – Level
P – Pressure
T – Temperature

13. P&ID and Symbols
Typical Letter Combinations, a reprint of a page in ISA-5.16, shows many possible letter combinations and describes the device represented by the letters. Reading across Figure 2-10 (page 30 of pdf file P&ID and symbols), starting with an F, the initiating or measured variable for flow rate, the succeeding letters describe the devices and functions as follows: :
Letter Combination Description
FRC Flow Recorder Controller. A recorder for the value of instantaneous flow, integral with a flow controller.
FIC Flow Indicating Controller. An instantaneous flow indicator combined with a flow controller.

14. General Instrument or Function Symbols

15. Instrument Line Symbols

16. Due, Tuesday, February 05, 2013 Homework2  WebPage
Omar E. Meza Castillo Ph.D.