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1.Objective 1: Summarize how organisms interact with one another and their environment. A.Arrange components of a food chain according to energy flow B.Compare.

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Presentation on theme: "1.Objective 1: Summarize how organisms interact with one another and their environment. A.Arrange components of a food chain according to energy flow B.Compare."— Presentation transcript:

1 1.Objective 1: Summarize how organisms interact with one another and their environment. A.Arrange components of a food chain according to energy flow B.Compare the quantity of energy in the steps of an energy pyramid. C.Describe strategies used by organisms to balance the energy expended to obtain food to the energy gained from the food (e.g., migration to areas of seasonal abundance, switching types of prey based upon availability, Hibernation or dormancy).

2 If you are in a trophic level other than the producers, where do you obtain your energy? And… What would you have to do, in order to conserve energy, if that energy source is limited or no longer available? So...

3 If food is how we obtain our energy, then the ways we conserve energy must be related to our metabolism. http://i.huffpost.com/gen/1164733/thumbs/o-PHOTOS-OF-SLOTHS-facebook.jpg I move slow.

4 One way that organisms conserve energy is through migration. The way that migration helps conserve energy is: When an organism is forced to search for food in an environment and the food is limited, then they would expend less energy migrating to an area where food is abundant.

5 Animal migrations are common in the animal kingdom. http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large-5/canada-goose-migration-mircea- costina-photography.jpg Canadian Geese http://images.fineartamerica.com/images-medium-large-5/canada-goose-migration-mircea- costina-photography.jpg Lesser long-nosed bat

6 Zebras and Wildebeest migrating to areas of abundance https://clappingtheson.files.wordpress.com/2011/07/migration1.jpg

7 http://www.gameplanafrica.com/gpa/wp-content/uploads/migration-routes-lions.jpg Lions migrate to follow prey

8 normally a seasonal movement of a species in reaction to changes in climate, mating reasons, in search of sustenance, or due to the particular time of the year. http://shiloheaglepics.com/wp- content/uploads/2012/05/osprey56555.jpg Osprey

9 http://www.monarchwatch.org/grafx/tagmig/spring.jpg Monarch migration Incredible Journey of Monarch Butterflies - Mariposas Monarcas Cold Blooded vs. Warm Blooded

10 Please don’t kill milkweed. Numbers of monarch butterflies have dropped significantly and milkweed is necessary for their survival.

11 Animal migrations are common in the animal kingdom. Normally the seasonal movement of a species in reaction to changes in climate, for mating reasons, in search of sustenance, or due to the particular time of the year.

12

13 Forests can also migrate to areas more suitable for their growth. Seed dispersal capacity and environmental factors are the overlying forces. (Sauer, J.D. 1988. Plant migration the dynamics of geographic patterning in seed plant species. University of California Press. Berkeley and Los Angeles, California.) http://orig10.deviantart.net/abff/f/2014/038/c/a/ents_and_huorns_by_gonzalokenny-d75g46y.jpg But trees don’t move?!? WikiPedia Forest MigrationWikiPedia Forest Migration

14 Dormancy is the time of an organisms life cycle when growth and development (metabolic processes) are temporarily halted in order to conserve energy.

15 During winter months because there is less sunlight and freezing temperatures. Transpiration doesn’t work below 0°C because water can’t exit the stomata on the leaves. They do this by storing large amounts of energy in their roots which are protected from frost. As the soil temperature increases the energy that was stored in the roots returns to the rest of the tree and it begins it’s growing part of the cycle again.

16 http://farm4.static.flickr.com/3144/2867107023_3822b2212f.jpg Seed Dormancy

17 Fire High temperatures Freezing Thawing Passing the digestive tract of an animal

18 Dormancy is typically referenced when talking about plants, but could also be associated with viruses, bacteria or animals. When referring to animals, dormancy is commonly called…

19 http://ichef.bbci.co.uk/naturelibrary/imag es/ic/credit/640x395/h/hi/hibernation/hi bernation_1.jpg

20 Ectotherm – external generation of heat Endotherm – internal generation of heat

21 Cold bloodedness is the ability to adjust your body temperature based on your surrounding environment. Basking in the sun Warming on rocks This conserves energy by not needing to maintain homeostasis.

22 Warm bloodedness is the ability to maintain a constant body temperature. This conserves energy by allowing organisms to be more active for a longer portion of the year. During the winter or extremely hot summer months

23 Rattlesnake video clip

24 Work with your table and brainstorm ways that humans conserve energy through food. Come up with at least three examples to share with the class

25 http://www.nativevillage.org/Messages%20from%20the%20People/Photos%20Messages%20from%20the%20People/muktuk%20gerrit%20vyn.jpg

26 http://photo30.bababian.com/upload7/20150212/0152623E524C6EF0D0E987C7E8DC63AF.jpg

27 http://3.bp.blogspot.com/-RFQSheXOsPY/Tp5TYgQxrxI/AAAAAAAAAxM/- Ebk7jcDdRw/s320/three+sisters.jpg http://mw2.google.com/mw-panoramio/photos/medium/55053773.jpg

28 Switching prey or food source is an easy way to conserve energy if that option is available. https://www.bing.com/images/search?q=chameleon+eating&view=detailv2&&id=2E319EEAF8591200BD438C34A 4664864318AE536&selectedIndex=0&ccid=GMq6c2F3&simid=607986534518818064&thid=JN.gQgsvj0SsJkZjnf VmtiR6g&ajaxhist=0 http://www.gaiahealthblog.com/wordpress1/wp- content/uploads/2013/08/whole-foods1.jpg

29 Behaviors used to maintain homeostasis: Shivering Sweating Warming on rocks Cooling in the shade http://luminous-landscape.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/Druid_Arch.jpg http://i.dailymail.co.uk/i/pix/2012/02/23/article-0- 11DF5EF9000005DC-485_964x888.jpg

30 To maintain homeostasis, shivering when cold raises your body temperature. Sweating or perspiration cools the body buy acting like an evaporative cooler.

31 http://images.slideplayer.com/9/2488629/slides/slide_52.jpg

32 Rocks are thermal mass and absorb and hold onto energy (heat) radiated from the sun

33 Escaping the suns rays (photons) by sitting in the shade is an excellent way to cool down. http://www.wondermondo.com/Images/NAmerica/LesserAntilles/Aruba/GuadirikiriCave2.jpg

34 1.conserve energy by various behaviors. A.Migration B.Hibernation C.Cold Blooded vs. Warm Blooded 2.Behaviors are used to maintain homeostasis. 1.Shivering, sweating 2.Warming on rocks, sitting in shade

35 What is an apex predator? What plant is necessary for monarch butterflies to complete their life cycle? What happens to the number of organisms as you move up trophic levels? What is an ectotherm?

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