1. Mining
And
Forestry

2. Mining

3. Open Pit Mining

4. Open Pit Mining
This method is used when the resource deposit is close enough to the surface for mass removal and to be economically viable

5. Open Pit Mining Impacts
Destruction of vegetation
Large volume of unused waste rock
Disruption of Groundwater
Production of dust and radon gas from explosions
Monga Bay, Australia

6. Open Pit Mining
A simple layered open pit mine.

7. Open Pit Mining
A digging wheel at work.

8. A close up of the Digging Wheel
Open Pit Mining
A close up of the Digging Wheel
Bigger Size = Greater Efficiency

9. Open Pit Mining

10. Underground (Shaft) Mining

11. Underground (Shaft) Mining
Wire mesh to prevent loose rocks from falling.

12. Underground (Shaft) Mining
Temporary support beams

13. Underground (Shaft) Mining
A scooptram at work.

14. Underground (Shaft) Mining

15. Underground (Shaft) Mining

16. Underground Mining Impacts
Destruction of Vegetation
Influence on Water Table
Abundance of dust and noise
Also:
Radon Gas produced
in confined spaces is
more dangerous

17. Issues Facing the Mining Industry
Negative Impact on the Environment
Abandoned Mines
Loss of Jobs
Echo Effect
Exhausting the Supply
Staying Competitive
Boom-Bust Towns

18. Mining Centres in Canada

19. Off Shore Oil Rigs

20. Forestry

21. Canada’s Forest Resource
Boreal Shield
Pacific Maritime
Montane Cordillera

22. Boreal Forest

23. Boreal Forest
The northern Boreal Forest is dominated by only two species of trees - Black Spruce and White Spruce

24. Boreal Forest Black Spruce White Spruce Balsam Fir Jack Pine Cedar
Tamarack
White Birch
Poplar

25. Pacific Maritime Forest

26. Pacific Maritime Forest
Douglas Fir
Sitka Spruce

27. Pacific Maritime Forest
Western Red Cedar
Western Hemlock

28. Montane Cordillera Forest

29. Montane Cordillera Forest
Ponderosa Pine
Engelmann Spruce
Douglas Fir

30. Value of Forest Industry
Pulp and Paper Products
Other Provinces
$7286 million
Quebec
$11575 million
British Columbia
$7514 million
Ontario
$10018 million

31. Value of Forest Industry
Wood Products
Other Provinces $780 million
New Brunswick $751 million
Alberta $1731 million
British Columbia
$ million
Ontario
$3454 million
Quebec
$5306 million

32. Methods of Harvesting Forests
Clear-cutting
Shelterwood Cutting
Selective cutting

33. Methods of Harvesting Forests
Trees up to 25" in diameter can be cut with the XL25.

34. When replanted, the new forest grows uniformly in species and size
Methods of Harvesting Forests
Clear Cutting
Loggers remove every tree and leave a barren landscape.
When replanted, the new forest grows uniformly in species and size

35. Methods of Harvesting Forests
Shelterwood Cutting
Involves clear-cutting only part of an old growth forest
Small groups of seed bearing trees are left so the area will regenerate.
Shelterwood method is often used in forests that have grown and aged evenly

36. Only mature trees of the desired size, type or quality
Methods of Harvesting Forests
Selective Cutting
Only mature trees of the desired size, type or quality
Another shot of the same stand in an area that has been finished--except for picking up a few logs.  The stand is about 65 years old.

37. Forestry Issues
Too few trees are replanted?
= Soil erosion

38. Forestry Issues
Clogged Rivers

39. Forestry Issues
Water Pollution
Air Pollution

40. Forestry Issues
Aerial Spraying
Forest Fires

41. Forestry Issues
Destruction of Wildlife Habitat