1. INT 3131 Lecture Summary (21.11.2002) 1. The Organization of the UN (cont’d) Trusteeship Council Secretariat International Court of Justice

2. INT 3132 The Activities of the United Nations 1.International Peace and Security 2.Economic and Social Development 3.Human Rights 4.Humanitarian Assistance 5.International Law

3. INT 3133 Lecture Outline (26.11.2002) International Peace and Security 1.organs for dealing with issues of international peace and security 1.The role of the Security Council 2.The Role of the General Assembly 3.The Role of the Secretary General 2.United Nations activities cover the areas of 1.Peacemaking 2.Peacekeeping 3.Peacebuilding 4.Disarmament 5.Enforcement

4. INT 3134 International Peace and Security

5. INT 3135 The Role of the Security Council primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security international peace and security The Council may convene at any time, whenever peace is threatened all Member States are obligated to carry out the Council's decisions Decisions of the Council require nine yes votes

6. INT 3136 The Role of the Security Council How SC Works for Peace? 1.When the Council considers a threat to international peace, it first explores ways to settle the dispute peacefully Mediation, advice, etc... 2.When the dispute leads to fighting, the Council aims to end it as quickly as possible Ceasefire directives, deployment of military observers, peacekeeping force 3.The Council can take measures to enforce its decisions Economic sanctions, arms embargo, collective military action

7. INT 3137 The Role of the General Assembly Art. 11 of the UN Charter empowers the GA to “consider the general principles of cooperation in the maintenance of international peace and security” ad “make recommendations to the members or to the Security Council or to both”

8. INT 3138 The Role of the General Assembly Declarations Peaceful settlement of disputes International Cooperation GA decisions are not binding but constitute as a world opinion

9. INT 3139 The Role of the General Assembly FIRST COMMITTEE Disarmament and International Security SECOND COMMITTEE Economic and Financial THIRD COMMITTEE Social, Humanitarian and Cultural Fourth Committee SPECIAL POLITICAL AND DECOLONIZATION FIFTH COMMITTEE Administrative and Budgetary SIXTH COMMITTEE Legal

10. INT 31310 The Role of the Secretary General 1. can bring to the Security Council any matter that might threaten world peace 2. has the authority to serve as a neutral mediator in international conflicts and to bring hostile parties together to negotiate 3. works to build consensus among the five permanent members of the Security Council

11. INT 31311 The UN Activities 1.Peacemaking 2.Peacekeeping 3.Peacebuilding 4.Disarmament 5.Enforcement

12. INT 31312 The UN Activities EnforcementDisarmament Conflict AgreementPeace Peacemaking Peacekeeping Peacebuilding

13. INT 31313 The UN Activities Peacemaking UN peacemaking brings hostile parties to agreement through diplomatic meanspeacemaking The Security Council, may recommend ways to avoid conflict or restore or secure peace — through negotiation, for example, or recourse to the International Court of JusticeSecurity Council

14. INT 31314 The UN Activities Peacemaking The Secretary-General plays an important role in peacemakingSecretary-General 1. may bring to the attention of the Security Council any matter that appears to threaten international peace and security 2. use offices to carry out mediation or exercise “quiet diplomacy” behind the scenes — either personally or through special envoys 3. undertakes preventive diplomacy aimed at resolving disputes before they escalate

15. INT 31315 The UN Activities Peacekeeping