1. UNITED NATIONS HUMANITARIAN CIVIL-MILITARY COORDINATION: RESPONSE OPERATIONS AND TRAINING

2. The United Nations System

3.  Increased number of natural hazards provoking natural disasters.  Fewer new wars, but more long standing complex conflicts.  Fewer refugees, but more internally displaced persons.  More actors who are engaging in humanitarian response. A CHANGING CONTEXT IN A CHANGING WORLD OCHA

4. WHY DO WE NEED COORDINATION?  We need to deal with a multiplicity of actors.  We need to work with limited resources.  We need to avoid the politicization of aid.  We need to avoid gaps, duplications, and assure the responsibility of each humanitarian partner. AID IS AN ABSOLUTE RIGHT OCHA

5.  1991: General Assembly Resolution 46/182 created the Emergency Relief Coordinator as the focal point and voice for humanitarian emergencies. OCHA’S MANDATE AND MISSION OCHA OCHA’S FIVE CORE FUNCTIONS:  Humanitarian Coordination  Humanitarian Advocacy  Policy Development  Management of Humanitarian Info  Humanitarian Financing OCHA is the UN Focal Point for Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination

6.  Predictability, Accountability and Partnership in all response sectors;  Better support to national-led response efforts;  Common standards and tools. THE CLUSTER APPROACH OCHA

7. Humanitarian Principles  Humanity: Human suffering must be addressed wherever it is found, with particular attention to the most vulnerable in the population, such as children, women and the elderly. The dignity and rights of all victims must be respected and protected.  Neutrality: Humanitarian assistance must be provided without engaging in hostilities or taking sides in controversies of a political, religious or ideological nature.  Impartiality: Humanitarian assistance must be provided without discriminating as to ethnic origin, gender, nationality, political opinions, race or religion. Relief of the suffering must be guided solely by needs and priority must be given to the most urgent cases of distress.

8. Key Considerations for Humanitarian Action  Access to vulnerable populations  Perception of humanitarian action  Operational independence of humanitarian operation  Security of humanitarian personnel OCHA

9. Transforming Civil-Military Environment  Increased role of military in relief operations  Humanitarian missions specifically assigned to armed forces  Multi-dimensional UN Peacekeeping Operations  Integrated Missions and Planning Process  Increased emphasis on the full range of national and multilateral power  Diplomacy, Development, Defense, Private Corporations  Increasing humanitarian acceptance of an appropriate military role in assistance operations OCHA

10. UN Humanitarian Civil-Military Coordination  UN Definition: The essential dialogue and interaction between civilian and military actors in humanitarian emergencies that is necessary to protect and promote humanitarian principles, avoid competition, minimize inconsistency, and when appropriate, pursue common goals. shared responsibility  Coordination is a shared responsibility facilitated by liaison and common training.  Information sharing, Task division, Planning

11. Possible Interaction between Humanitarian and Military Actors  Liaison arrangements  Information sharing  Military assets in humanitarian operations  Military or armed escorts  Coordinated civil-military operations OCHA

12. UN-CMCoord Training  Multiple levels  15 to 20 iterations per year. UN-CMCoord Guidelines and Reference UN-CMCoord operations and field deployments  Robust exercise program Capacity Building and Technical Assistance Linkage to the UN Agencies and Humanitarian Community UN-CMCoord Functions and Services OCHA

13. Existing UN-CMCoord Guidelines and References Guidelines on the Use of Military and Civil Defence Assets in Disaster Relief (Oslo Guidelines) The Use of Military and Civil Defence Assets in Support of Humanitarian Activities in Complex Emergencies (MCDA Guidelines) Interagency Standing Committee Reference Paper on Civil Military Relations in Complex Emergencies The Use of Military or Armed Escorts for Humanitarian Convoys Civil-Military Guidelines and Reference for Complex Emergencies Civil-Military Coordination Officer Field Handbook Country Specific Guidance OCHA

14. ReliefWeb…………………………….............http://www.reliefweb.int One Response………...………….…..……..…..http://oneresponse.info UN Logistics Cluster…….…..........................http://www.logcluster.org Humanitarian Early Warning System……......http://www.hewsweb.org Global Disaster Alert & Coordination System.….http://www.gdacs.org Humanitarian news and analysis…….……...http://www.IRINnews.org Humanitarian Information Centres…..http://www.humanitarianinfo.org OCHA………………………………………http://www.ochaonline.org WHERE TO FIND OUT MORE OCHA

16. THE KEY ACTORS Upon request, OCHA assists governments in mobilizing international assistance when the scale of the disaster exceeds the national capacity. OCHA

17. Potential Military Support to Humanitarian Operations in UN Integrated Missions SECURITY: Military’s primary role in UN missions is physical security DIRECT ASSISTANCE: Face-to face provision of goods and services (Highly discouraged) INDIRECT ASSISTANCE: At least one step removed from the population (Based on Request) INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPORT: General services that facilitate relief, but are not necessarily visible to or solely for the benefit of the affected population COMMUNITY SUPPORT PROJECTS: Quick Impact Projects, Military Civic Action, etc. (Coordinated/approved by DSRSG) OCHA

18. UN Humanitarian CMCoord Training: Background and Design OCHA is an Office in the Secretariat: No direct authority over any UN humanitarian agencies or any other humanitarian actors Tasked to coordinate, not direct or command. Humanitarian Relief Coordination: Ever growing multitude of actors with new actors in almost every operation. Reliant on facilitation and consensus building and voluntary collaborative structure. As a Result, UN Humanitarian CMCoord Training is: Focused on networks as much as skills. Designed to demonstrate the value of collaboration and diversity. A key means of building legitimacy for our mission and our coordinators in the field. OCHA

19. UN Humanitarian CMCoord Training: Some Key Characteristics Facilitators: All have current operational experience. Most with service in both the military and humanitarian organizations. Should reflect the diversity of the community. Participants: The participants are carefully selected and expected to be resources, not students. 50% Military/Civilian. Normally no more than two from the same nation. Priority to field personnel. Methodology: Small groups with frequent short exercises Socratic discussions designed to draw in experiences OCHA

20. UN Humanitarian CMCoord Training: Expected Outcomes Disseminate Principles and Doctrine: Core Humanitarian Principles Basic UN Humanitarian CMCoord Doctrine Build regional and Global Networks: Have access to all key relief providers Have trained personnel in all responders Help Develop Leaders: Find those who can lead without authority Create legitimacy through knowledge Contribute to Solution of Field challenges: In Mission and Pre-Deployment training. Lessons observed and AAR’s. OCHA