1. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND
TOPIC #4
PEaCE AND COOPERATION
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND
MULTI-PARTY STATES

2. POSITIVES OF THE 20TH CENTURY
MAJOR THEMES
INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AND THEIR WORK
MULTI-PARTY STATES
DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN POLICIES

3. DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN POLICIES

4. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
PHILOSOPHICAL BASIS:
NATO and SEATO-STOP SPREAD OF COMMUNISM

5. HISTORICAL ORIGINS LEAGUE OF NATIONS: TO PREVENT A SECOND WORLD WAR
YALTA AND POTSDAM GAVE THE LEAGUE A SECOND LIFE.
THE UNITED NATIONS

6. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
STRUCTURE

7. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
EUROPEAN UNION IS ORGANIZED BY REGION TO PROMOTE ECONOMIC TIES.

8. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
THE WARSAW PACT WAS ORGANIZED IN RESPONSE TO NATO.

9. INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
SPECIALIZED AGENCIES
WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION

10. WORK OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
AIMS: THE BRITISH COMMONWEALTH AIMED TO DENATIONALIZE THEIR COLONIES?
WHAT WERE SOME OF THESE COLONIES?
INDIA
SOUTH AFRICA
HONG KONG

11. WORK OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
EFFORTS TO PRESERVE PEACE:
VERSAILLES
AND ETHNIC NATIONALISM
EUROPEAN UNION AND CIVIC NATIONALISM

12. ALLIANCES v COLLECTIVE SECURITY
WW I
WW II
COLD War
COLLECTIVE SECURITY
HAGUE CONFERENCES
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
UNITED NATIONS

13. WORK OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
IMPROVE ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL CONDITIONS
WORLD BANK
UNESCO

14. WORK OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
TO FURTHER TRADE AND REGIONAL COOPERATION
WORLD TRADE ORGANIZATION (WTO) SUCCESSOR TO GATT
NAFTA-NORTH AMERICAN FREE TRADE ASSOCIATION
OECD-ORGANIZATION FOR EUROPEAN COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT

15. WORK OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
SUCCESSES
DEBATING SOCIETIES
ALLOWS COUNTRIES TO VENT
EXPOSURE TO STAID AND CREATIVE THINKERS
GREATER PUBLIC SCRUTINY
FOSTERS CULTURAL UNDERSTANDING
DUES BASED ON ABILITY TO PAY
FAILURES
OPTIONAL MEMBERSHIP
DEBATING SOCIETIES
FACADES
STRONG PEOPLE/COUNTRIES THAT WANT TO DOMINATE
INDIVIDUAL VS COLLECTIVE ACTION
GRIDLOCK

16. ORIGIN AND ESTABLISHMENT OF MULTI-PARTY STATES
PARTY ORGANIZATION
BASIS (IDEOLOGY, ethnicity)
CONSTITUENCY
ELECTABILITY
FLEXIBILITY
INCLUSIVENESS
DOMESTIC v FOREIGN POLICY

17. ORIGIN AND ESTABLISHMENT OF MULTI-PARTY STATES
DEMOCRACY
CIVIC NATIONALISM
VARIATIONS AND TYPES OF PUBLIC PARTICIPATION
IMPORTANCE OF TRADITION
INCLUSION OF MINORITIES
ROLE OF WOMEN
PREPARATION OF YOUNGER GENERATIONS

18. ORIGIN AND ESTABLISHMENT OF MULTI-PARTY STATES
ELECTORAL SYSTEMS
DIRECT OR INDIRECT VOTING
QUALIFICATIONS TO VOTE
INTEGRITY OF VOTING
SAFETY OF VOTERS
SECRET BALLOT
POWER OF MONEY
NEPOTISM
ACCEPTANCE OF OUTCOME

19. ORIGIN AND ESTABLISHMENT OF MULTI-PARTY STATES
DIFFERENT FORMS OF GOVERNMENT
REPUBLIC (DEGAULLE AND THE FIFTH REPUBLIC)
CONSTITUTIONAL DEMOCRACY (ADENAUER AND WESTGERMANY)
CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY (GREAT BRITAIN AND JAPAN POST-WWII )
IMPOSED MULTI-PARTY DEMOCRACY
(WEIMAR AND POST-WWII JAPAN AND
GERMANY)

20. ORIGIN AND ESTABLISHMENT OF MULTI-PARTY STATES
DEMOCRACY
EVOLUTION FROM DICTATORSHIP TO CONSTITUTIONAL MONARCHY
FRANCO-PRE-WWII TO HIS DEATH IN 1975

21. FINDING ANOTHER WAY
EVOLUTION FROM DICTATORSHIP TO MULTI-ETHNIC FEDERATION
TITO
EXPELLED FROM THE COMMUNIST INFORMATION BUREAU (COMINFORM)
CENTRALIZED CONTROL TO DECENTRALIZATION
TRIED TO LEAD NON-ALIGNED STATES
WHAT DO YOU THINK HAPPENED AFTER HIS DEATH?

22. ORIGIN AND ESTABLISHMENT OF MULTI-PARTY STATES
POWERFUL PRESIDENT
ELECTIONS DETERMINED BY SET TERMS
LAME DUCK
RE-ELECTION EFFORTS CAN PREEMPT THE COUNTRY’S INTERESTS
DIVIDED GOVERNMENT
POWERFUL PRIME MINISTER
REQUIRES A MAJORITY OF REPRESENTATIVE SUPPORT
RESIGNATION HAS LESS OF A STIGMA
TENDS TO FAVOR MULTI-LATERALISM IN WORLD AFFAIRS
COALITIONS

23. DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN POLICIES
POLITICAL DEVELOPMENTS
WORLD DEPRESSION IN THE 1930’S
TENDS TO WEAKEN INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS
GERMANY PULLED OUT OF THE LEAGUE
ITALY INVADED ETHIOPIA IN VIOLATION OF LEAGUE PRINCIPLES
JAPAN INVADED CHINA IN VIOLATION OF MANY INTERNATIONAL AGREEMENTS

24. DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN POLICIES
ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL AIMS AND POLICIES
LEAGUE OF NATIONS
INTERNATIONAL LABOR ORGANIZATION
SPECIAL COMMISSIONS ON HEALTH, SLAVERY, REFUGEES, MINORITIES, WOMEN AND CHILDREN

25. DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN POLICIES
EUROPEAN UNION
ALLIGN MEMBER COUNTRIES TO FACILTATE TRADE
SET STANDARDS FOR TECHNOLOGY
COORDINATE INTER-COUNTRY TRAFFIC
STANDARDIZE WAGE AND BENEFIT PAYMENTS
DETERMINE AID FOR WEAKER MEMBERS
COMMON AGRICULTURE POLICY

26. DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN POLICIES
STATUS OF WOMEN
UNITED NATIONS
COMMISSION ON STATUS OF WOMEN
INTERNAL ASSESSMENT

27. DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN POLICIES
FOREIGN POLICY
EUROPEAN UNION
STRUGGLING WITH THIS ISSUE
FEDERATION v CONFEDERATION
NATO
DISSOLUTION, CHANGE MISSION, SCALE-BACK OR SOMETHING UNDETERMINED
UNITED NATIONS
CHANGES IN SECURITY COUNCIL
VALIDITY OF COLLECTIVE SECURITY

28. DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN POLICY
IMPACT OF COLD WAR POLICIES
NATO AND THE WARSAW PACT
MARSHALL PLAN AND COMECON
UNITED NATIONS-ACTION OR GRIDLOCK
KOREAN WAR AND COLLECTIVE SECURITY
VIETNAM AND UNILATERALISM
PEACEKEEPING MISSIONS

29. SAMPLE QUESTION
Compare and contrast the peace keeping aims and methods of the League of Nations and the United Nations

30. Comparison Similarities:
Aims of both were to preserve peace, prevent war and respect national sovereignty
Both worked to obtain disarmament
Both organized after a major war to promote peace
Both dominated by winning powers of major wars
Both could use sanctions to halt aggression
Both structured to foster debate rather than action
Both toted the utopian concept of collective action
Neither had a standing army
Both had some successes in resolving disputes between smaller states
Both had social and economic agencies to address underlying causes of war
Both looked to consensus rather than mobilization to preserve peace
See next slide for contrasts (differences)

31. Contrast
Differences
League never attempted to militarily halt invasions of weaker countries, UN only once in the Korean War with mixed results
League never used peacekeeping forces, UN has on many occasions with some success
League required unanimous vote in council, UN gave veto power to permanent members in council, a more confrontational structure