1. Lipids Fats, Oils and Other Things

2. Lipid Basics  Made of C,H,O  monomer = glycerol + fatty acids  hydrophobic - don’t dissolve in water  oil and water don’t mix

3. Fatty Acids 2 types – saturated and unsaturated - What’s the difference? - saturated fatty acids contain no double bonds between C atoms - holds the maximum # of H atoms - unsaturated fatty acids contain double bonds between C atoms atoms

4. Lipids- Fats and Oils…energy insulation and more Fats & Oils (triglycerides)- long term energy storage Fat has twice the calories of carbohydrates. – fat = 9 cal/g sugar= 4 cal/g –Lipids have more C – H bonds which store energy 2-24 Health tip: Saturated or hydrogenated fats(bad) vs. unsaturated (good)

5. Lipids: types and functions  Fats/Oils – long term energy storage, insulation and protection  Phospholipids – cell membranes  Steroids – make hormones (chemical messengers)  Waxes – waterproofing

6. Fats Solid at room temperature Energy storage in animals contain saturated fatty acids Saturated fat and fatty acid Stearic acid

7. Body Fat – stores energy, insulates and protects the organs Excess energy is converted to fat Sea mammals rely on fat to keep them warm

8. Oils energy storage in plants contain unsaturated fatty acids liquid at room temperature Unsaturated fat and fatty acid Double bond causes molecule to bend Oleic acid

9. Phospholipids- Glycerol only 2 fatty acids (not 3 like fats and oils) 3 rd fatty acid is replaced by a phosphate molecule SPONCH

10.  Phospholipid structure Phosphate molecule forms a hydrophilic (water loving) head Fatty acid molecules make up a hydrophobic tails CH 2 O P O O O CHCH OO C O C O Phosphate Glycerol (a) Structural formula (b) Space-filling model Fatty acids (c) Phospholipid symbol Hydrophobic tails Hydrophilic head Hydrophobic tails – Hydrophilic head CH 2 Choline + Figure 5.13 N(CH 3 ) 3

11.  Phospholipids create the structure of cell membranes 2 layers of phospholipids Phosphates face out – interact with water Lipid tails make a middle layer that repels water  Phospholipids separate the contents of the cell from it’s surrounding environment Hydrophilic head WATER Hydrophobic tail

12. myelin - phospholipid that insulates nerve cells We are all literally “Fatheads”

13. Lipids- Cholesterol connected rings of carbon component of cell membrane – adds to the integrity of the membrane used to make steroids

14. Steroids: Lipids that act as Hormones  Hormones are chemical messengers - produced in one part of the body, they travel to and cause changes in another part of the body - Hormones control: growth development tissue function sexual function the way our bodies use food, the reaction of our bodies to emergencies, mood - examples estrogens testosterone Estrogen Testosterone

15. Steroids are Derived From Cholesterol Estrogen Testosterone

16. Waxes-Lipids that repel water - found on the surface of leaves - found on animal hair to keep it pliable - found on the feathers of water birds to prevent them from becoming waterlogged

17. Flashcards for Your Learning Pleasure lipid basics saturated fatty acids unsaturated fatty acids hydrophobic hydrophilic fats oils phospholipids myelin cholesterol steroids hormones waxes