1. Adaptations and Biomes
Obj. 3a, 3e, & 3h

2. Adaptations to an Environment
Every organism has a variety of adaptations that are suited to its specific living conditions
An adaptation is a trait that an organism has inherited that helps it survive and reproduce in their habitat
Ex. Sharks sense of smell, shape of a bird’s beak, dogs can hear well, flowers have bright colors
Physical adaptations do not develop during one lifetime, but over many generations
Genes that help determine survival are passed from parent to offspring

3. How many traits can you find that are adaptations to this environment?

4. Adaptations Over Time
Natural selection is the process by which individuals who are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species.

5. Charles Darwin/Finches Galapagos Islands
Charles Darwin- English scientist who proposed the theory of natural selection in 1859.
Sailed on the Beagle to South America for research
Studied tortoises, finches, lizards, and other animals on the islands.

6. Animals of Galapagos Islands
Finches- beaks are adapted for different feeding behaviors
Ex: insects, seeds, fruit
Iguanas- able to dive underwater to eat algae, sharp claws to cling to rocks, expel salt by sneezing
Tortoises- shell shape depends on island environment

7. Finch Beaks

8. Animals of Galapagos Islands

9. Causes for Adaptations Among Species:
Inheriting traits/variations that have advantages for survival or reproduction
Overpopulation/competition
Environment/Climate

10. Variations
Variations are different ways that a trait can express itself
Some variations make individuals better fit for survival from predators allowing them to reproduce and pass the favorable trait to their offspring
Ex. Variations among turtles make some of them better able to survive. Turtles that survive to become adults will be able to reproduce.

11. Variations

13. Natural Selection by Environment
Variations can also allow organisms to become better adapted to survive in a particular climate.
Organisms expressing traits that allow them to survive & reproduce in a particular environment will become the dominant life within the environment.

14. Example of inherited traits for survival & reproduction
Camouflage
Snake
Mimicry
Mexican Milk Snake
Bright colors/poisonous
Skunk and Poison Arrow Frog
“Hair” projections
Hedgehog quills
Deer Antlers
Courtship behaviors
Male birds dance & have colors to attract mates

15. Endangered/Extinctions
Organisms that are not able to adapt to their environment could become endangered or extinct.
Threatened- could become endangered in near future
Endangered- at risk of extinction
Extinct- a species with no surviving members

16. Examples of Extinct Species

17. Reasons for Extinctions
Pollution
Overhunting
Habitat loss
Introduced species- compete with native species
Diseases
Climate change- global warming

18. Biomes
Biomes are Large geographic areas characterized by a distinct climate and specific types of plant & animal life.
Climate is the weather a place has over a long period of time (50 years).

19. Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Biotic factors- parts of the environment that are living
Examples: trees, grass, animals
Abiotic factors- the nonliving environment
Examples: rocks, soil, air, water

20. Biotic and Abiotic Factors
Identify three biotic and three abiotic factors in this picture.

21. Taiga/Boreal Forest Biomes
Winters are cold and very snowy
Summers are warm and rainy enough to melt all the snow
Dominant plants adapt with needle-shaped leaves to reduce water loss by having less surface area
Ex. evergreens
Animal have adapted by camouflage, hibernating or migrating, & thick fur

23. Rain Forest Biomes
Wet, warm biomes that contain the greatest variety of life on earth
Plant & animal life adapts in a variety of ways
Camouflage
Poisonous
Mimicry

25. Desert Biomes Receive less than 25 cm of rain per year.
Hottest temperature on Earth
The plants have many adaptations for getting and conserving water. (deep roots, needles)
Some animals have adapted by being nocturnal, burrowing under ground, & being hairless

27. Aquatic Biomes Adaptations