1. EC workshop on Support to RENs in SE-Africa Session 2 Chair: W. von Rüden, CERN

2. SCIC Monitoring WG - Throughput Improvements 1995-2006 Bandwidth of TCP < MSS/(RTT*Sqrt(Loss)) Matthis et al., Computer Communication Review 27(3), July 1997 Matthis et al., Computer Communication Review 27(3), July 1997 40% annual improvement Factor ~10/7 yrs Progress: but Digital Divide is Mostly Maintained Behind Europe 6 Yrs: Russia, Latin America 7 Yrs: Mid-East, SE Asia 10 Yrs: South Asia 11 Yrs: Cent. Asia 12 Yrs: Africa South Asia, Central Asia, and Africa are Falling Even Farther Behind

3. OECD GSF Workshop, Sydney 25 – 27 September 2005 Result: Sample Bandwidth Costs for African Universities Source: IEEAF

4. OECD recommendation Recommendation Nr 3: … facilitate access to Grids for researchers and research organisations in developing countries. … Telecommunication policies and regulations could be reviewed and, if appropriate, modified to facilitate access to high-speed computer networks in developing countries Grid workshop in Sydney, September 2005

5. International Workshop on African Research & Education Networking Concluding Remark by CERNs Director General Together with many science and education networking organisations Improving Networking in Africa will bring many benefits to Africa It will also bring major benefits to the rest of the world by integrating Africa into the Global Information Society CERN supports the Digital Solidarity Fund

6. Session 2: Current and future prospects for cooperation with African NRENs ObjectivesWolfgang von Rüden, CERN The Eumedconnect – a success story Aouaouche El Maouhab, CERIST, Algeria South Africa connectivity to GEANTDuncan Martin, CEO TENET, ZA The UbuntuNet AllianceAmerico Muchanga, Mozambique Connectivity is provided by interconnecting many infrastructures, both at the local and global level. Many ongoing efforts to interconnect RENs. Hope that this session will serve as example for successful undertakings and encourage efforts elsewhere.