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Periodic Table Trends & Definitions. How to read the Periodic Table 6 C Carbon 12.011 Atomic Number Elemental Symbol Elemental Name Atomic Mass.

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Presentation on theme: "Periodic Table Trends & Definitions. How to read the Periodic Table 6 C Carbon 12.011 Atomic Number Elemental Symbol Elemental Name Atomic Mass."— Presentation transcript:

1 Periodic Table Trends & Definitions

2 How to read the Periodic Table 6 C Carbon 12.011 Atomic Number Elemental Symbol Elemental Name Atomic Mass

3 Periodic Law When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic #, elements with similar properties appear at regular intervals.

4 Chemical Reactivity Families Similar valence e - within a group result in similar chemical properties

5 Periodic Trends are Influenced by: Energy Level Higher energy levels are further from the nucleus Charge on Nucleus (# of protons) More charge pulls the electrons in closer + and – attract each other more Shielding Effect Blocking effect

6 Periodic Trends Atomic Radius size of atom: half the distance between two nuclei of a diatomic molecule Increases to the LEFT and DOWN

7 Atomic Radius Why larger going down? Higher energy levels have larger orbitals Shielding - core e - block the attraction between the nucleus and the valence e - Why smaller to the right? Increased nuclear charge without additional shielding pulls e - in tighter

8 Periodic Trends First Ionization Energy Energy required to remove one e- from a neutral atom. Increases going UP and to the RIGHT

9 Periodic Trends Melting/Boiling Point Highest in the middle of a period.

10 Periodic Trends Electronegativity Tendency of an atom to attract electrons when chemically combined

11 Ionic Radius Cations (+) lose e- smaller Anions (–) gain e- larger © 2002 Prentice-Hall, Inc.

12 Ion Group trends Each step down a group is adding an energy level Ions therefore get bigger as you go down, because of the additional energy level. Li 1+ Na 1+ K 1+ Rb 1+ Cs 1+

13 Ion Period Trends Across the period from left to right, the nuclear charge increases - so they get smaller. Notice the energy level changes between anions and cations. Li 1+ Be 2+ B 3+ C 4+ N 3- O 2- F 1-

14 Size of Isoelectronic ions Iso- means “the same” Isoelectronic ions have the same # of electrons Al 3+ Mg 2+ Na 1+ Ne F 1- O 2- and N 3- all have 10 electrons all have the same configuration: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 (which is the noble gas: neon)

15 Size of Isoelectronic ions? Positive ions that have more protons would be smaller (more protons would pull the same # of electrons in closer) Al 3+ Mg 2+ Na 1+ Ne F 1- O 2- N 3- 13 12 11 10 98 7


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