1. “Father of Modern Architecture”= Louis Sullivan
Form follows function
Steel skeleton
Light-filled, well-ventilated
Industrial meets ornamentation
Regularity of window placement
Emphasis on verticality- pilasters extend upward
Guaranty Building, Buffalo, NY, 1895

2. Without an architecture
The mother art
is architecture.
Without an architecture
of our own we have
no soul of our
own civilization.
Frank Lloyd Wright

3. Organic Architecture ‘ORGANIC’ = Frank Lloyd Wright philosophy
of architecture as early as 1908.
It was an extension of the teachings of his mentor Louis Sullivan whose slogan “form follows function” became the mantra of modern architecture.
Wright changed this phrase to “form and function are one,” using nature as the best example of this integration.

4. Frank Lloyd Wright ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE
Integral to Site - houses designed to rise up out of the site as it belonged.
Integral to environment - built appropriately to climate.
Integral to Individual - Each building built to accommodate the lifestyle of the inhabitants way of life and needs.
Integral to Materials - details of the building were the material themselves

5. ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE= respect for properties of materials—you don’t twist steel into a flower—and a respect for the harmonious relationship between the form/design and the function of the building.
Wright rejected the idea of making a bank look like a Greek temple.
ORGANIC ARCHITECTURE= attempt to integrate the spaces into a coherent whole: a marriage between the site and the structure and a union between the context and the structure.

6. Kaufmann House
House of Falling Water, 1939

7. PRAIRIE STYLE Frank Lloyd Wright
Prairie houses were characterized by low, horizontal lines that were meant to blend with the flat landscape around them.
Typically, these structures were built around a central chimney, consisted of broad open spaces instead of strictly defined rooms, and blurred distinction between interior space and surrounding terrain.
Cantilevering
Robie House, Chicago, 1909

8. INTERNATIONAL STYLE Walter Gropius Germany Ludwig Mies van Rohe
Le Corbusier
France

9. INTERNATIONAL STYLE ARCHITECTURE
Mirrors early 20th century development visual arts
Grew out of Bauhaus movement
Merging of Aesthetics with functionality
Louis Sullivan, Walter Gropius
Mass produced materials, economical, functional, efficient society, urban center
Walter Gropius/ Bauhaus,
Fagus Shoe Factory,
Germany
1913

10. International Style Identifying characteristics
Concrete, Glass, Steel = International Style Holy Trinity
Skeleton and skin
Exposing its structure
Rejected non-essential decoration & historical reference
Ribbon windows
Corner windows
Bands of glass
Balance, regularity, symmetry, rectilinear
Right angles
Flat roof, without ledges

11. Mies van der Rohe & Phillip Johnson, Seagram Building, New York, 1958
German, rejects Pre WWII historical references
“Less is More”
New York Buildings
Lake Shore Drive Apts.
United Nations Bldg.
“Successful relationship of parts of each and the whole”
Skeletal, bronze and amber windows, set back from street, on stilts, weightless/sturdy

12. INTERNATIONAL STYLE HOMES
Le Corbusier Philip Johnson home,
Villa Savoye, Glass House
France, Connecticut, 1949

13. Post Modern Architecture
Breaks with Modernist restrictiveness
Embraces eclecticism, sometimes whimsical
It’s expansive and inclusive
Self conscious
Rejects the simplicity of International Style
Sometimes references
Classical past in fun ways
Philip Johnson
AT&T Building, NY
1980

14. Michael Graves
Portland Building
Portland, OR
1980
Rogers & Piano, Pompidou Center, Paris, 1977

15. Deconstructivism Seeks to disorient observer Shatters expectations
Dissonance, asymmetry, irregularity
Parts more important that whole
Chaotic
Disassociates from function
Speaks to absence of stability
Gunter Behnisch
Hysolar Building
Stuttgart, Germany, 1987

16. Frank Gehry Guggenheim Museum Bilbao, Spain, 1997
Vlado Milunić (w F. Gehry)
Dancing House
(Fred and Ginger)
Prague, 1995